Atmospheric trace elements in Ankara, Turkey: 1. factors affecting chemical composition of fine particles

Yatin, M.; Tuncel, Semra G.; Aras, N. K.; Ölmez, I.; Aygün, Sezer; Tuncel, Gürdal

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00297-0

Cited by 93 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, these very same conditions also limit the dispersion and transport of pollutants to the background sites around the city. A similar pattern was also observed for the trace-element data generated at the same background site (Yatın et al, 2000).…”

Section: Temporal Variations Of Vocssupporting

confidence: 81%

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Kuntasal

Kılavuz

Karman

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Concentrations of 91 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) ranging from C5 to C12 were measured at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, in the summer of 2003 and winter of 2004. Samples were collected at roadside, residential and background stations at consecutive 4-hr intervals over a 24-hr period for six weeks in each season. Air samples were collected onto cartridges packed with Tenax TA and Carbopack B resins and analyzed by thermal desorption, followed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass selective detector (GC/MSD). Time resolved data provided information on ambient levels, temporal and spatial variations and sources of VOCs in Ankara. Toluene is the most abundant compound at all sites with and average concentration of 13.1 ?g m-3. The mean concentrations of benzene are 12.6, 5.2, and 2.4 ?g m-3 during winter at roadside, residential and background stations, respectively. Diurnal variation in the data together with toluene to benzene concentration ratio (T:B) that is close to 2.0 indicated the influence of traffic related emissions at residential and roadside stations during winter season. Higher T:B ratio observed at residential and background stations during summer period and correlation analysis indicated additional VOC sources. Temporal variations and low m,p-xylene to ethylbenzene ratio (mpX:E) indicated that transported air mass is the major VOC source influencing VOC concentrations measured at the background station.Implications: VOC measurement at three sites in Ankara, the capital of Turkey showed that VOC concentrations measured at the roadside station are reasonably higher than concentrations measured at residential and background sites. Diurnal variations of VOC concentrations revealed that traffic emissions at roadside and residential locations are a significant VOC source in Ankara. On the other hand, VOC levels measured at the background site are transported from more polluted parts of Ankara.

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Section: Temporal Variations Of Vocssupporting

confidence: 81%

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Kuntasal

Kılavuz

Karman

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…In many studies on air pollution, the heating and the non-heating seasons are differentiate [17,21,29,30]. Domestic heating in densely populated residential areas is a significant source of air pollution in İstanbul.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace element concentrations of size-fractionated particulate matter in the atmosphere of Istanbul, Turkey

Alver¹,

ahin²,

Onat³

et al. 2013

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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In this study, the physical characteristics and metal contents of particulate matter (PM) have been determined. In this scope, PM sampling has been done at 5 stations (Avcılar, Beşiktaş, Kilyos, Rasathane, Göztepe) for 2 years. PM filter samples were collected for 8 different size(<0.43 µm, 1-0.43 µm, 1-1.7 µm, 1.7-2.6 µm, 2.6-3.5 µm, 3.5-5 µm, 5.2-6.5 µm, 6.5-8 µm and >8 µm) using the cascade impactor. PM filters were decomposed and analyzed for 8 metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and V). According to the results, trace element concentrations at all the stations were at least 2 times higher than at the Kilyos station which was selected as the urban background station. Pb, Cd and V elements are mainly present in fine fraction of PM, while Cu, Mn and Fe mass is found in coarse fraction of PM. Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) values for crustal element (Fe, Cr, Cu and Mn) were found to be in the coarse size fraction and anthropogenic element (Pb, Cd and V) were found to be in the fine particles. The major PM source was observed industrial facilities at the Avcılar; traffic and domestic heating at the Beşiktaş, Göztepe and Rasathane.

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“…As is apparent from this table, Cu and Zn were highly enriched in all PM 10 samples collected, meaning that these elements are released into the atmosphere by anthropogenic sources, such as traffic pollution and burning activities. Zinc is present in tire wear dust, as well as in tailpipe emissions due to its use in motor oil, and Cu is present in brake wear dust, diesel, petrol and coal combustion emissions (Yatin et al, 2000;Senarante and Shooter, 2004;Braga et al, 2005;Lopez et al, 2011). The average EF values of Ca and Ti in the PM 10 samples were lower than 5, indicating significant contribution from natural sources (soil or road dust resuspension) (Huang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Seasonal Variation Of the Analyzed Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of PM10 Sources and Ambient Air Concentration Levels at Megalopolis City (Southern Greece) Located in the Vicinity of Lignite-Fired Plants

Manousakas

Eleftheriadis

Papaefthymiou

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 10 samples were collected in the area of Megalopolis City (Southern Greece) located in the vicinity of two lignitefired power plants during an one-year long period (April 2009-March 2010. The samples were analysed for their BC and elemental concentrations (Ca, Fe, Ti, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, K, Cr, Ni) using a smoke reflectrometer and ED-XRF, respectively. The average PM 10 concentration was 21.6 ± 10 μg/m 3 , while that of BC was 1.05 ± 0.55 μg/m 3 . The concentrations of all the elements, except that of K, were significantly higher in the warm period compared to the cold period of the year, whereas the BC results presented the opposite trend. No statistically significant differences were found between mean PM 10 mass concentrations during the warm and cold periods. Source identification was attempted by EF calculations and by Condition Probability Function analysis relating the elemental concentrations to wind directions. The results show that soil/road dust re-suspension from opencast mines and unpaved roads, emissions from vehicle exhausts and mining activities, lignite combustion in the lignite-fired power plants and biomass burning, are the main sources of PM 10 in the air over Megalopolis City.

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Atmospheric trace elements in Ankara, Turkey: 1. factors affecting chemical composition of fine particles

Cited by 93 publications

References 25 publications

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

C5–C12 volatile organic compounds at roadside, residential, and background locations in Ankara, Turkey: Temporal and spatial variations and sources

Trace element concentrations of size-fractionated particulate matter in the atmosphere of Istanbul, Turkey

Characterization of PM10 Sources and Ambient Air Concentration Levels at Megalopolis City (Southern Greece) Located in the Vicinity of Lignite-Fired Plants

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