Attitudes towards individuals with disabilities as measured by the Implicit Association Test: A literature review

Wilson, Michelle; Scior, Katrina

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2013.11.003

Cited by 125 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Wilson and Scior, 2014), the IAT scores from individuals with xenomelia differed strongly. The latter group showed a strong explicit and a weak implicit preference for amputated bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Similarly, a literature review on attitudes towards individuals with disabilities concluded that there is weak to no association between explicit and implicit measures (Wilson and Scior, 2014). A low correspondence between explicit and implicit measures has been shown to be associated with four factors (Nosek, 2005): a) self-representation, which describes the modification of an explicit preference for personal or social reasons, b) evaluative strength, which predicts higher associations for personally important and frequently emerging contexts, c) dimensionality, with unipolar categories causing lower associations compared to bipolar ones, and d) distinctiveness, which characterizes the perceived incongruence between one's own and societal norms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

Macauda

Bekrater-Bodmann

Brugger

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Individuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the well-validated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this is the first behavioral evidence demonstrating a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder. AbstractIndividuals with xenomelia identify with an amputated rather than with their physically complete, healthy body. They often mimic amputees and show a strong admiration of and sexual attraction towards them. Here we investigated for the first time empirically whether such unusual preference for amputated bodies is present also on an implicit level. Using the wellvalidated Implicit Association Test we show that individuals with xenomelia manifested a stronger implicit and explicit preference for amputated bodies stronger than a normally-limbed control group and a group of involuntary amputees did. Interestingly, the two latter groups did not differ in their implicit and explicit preference for complete versus amputated bodies. These findings are an important step in understanding how deeply rooted attitudes about a socially normative body appearance may be influenced by a developmentally disordered experience of one's own bodily self. We conclude that this first behavioral evidence to demonstrate a conflict of self-identification on an implicit level and this enriches current understandings of xenomelia as a primarily neurological disorder.

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“…Wilson and Scior, 2014), the IAT scores from individuals with xenomelia differed strongly. The latter group showed a strong explicit and a weak implicit preference for amputated bodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

Macauda

Bekrater-Bodmann

Brugger

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The recently published World Report on Disability suggests there are approximately one billion people across the globe with some form of disability, representing around 15% of the world's population. The trend was a sizeable increase from the last World Health Organisation estimate of around 10% in the 1970s [13]. Besides, the United Nations estimates that the number of persons with disabilities in Malaysia is about 2.8 million, or 10 percent of its population of 28 million [4].…”

Section: Disable Facilities In Public Hospitalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Provision of the Disabled Facilities in Public Hospitals

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The implementation of Person with Disabilities Act 2008 has become an eye opener towards the provision of disabled facilities in all public buildings especially regarding healthcare accessibility. The aim of this research is to analyse the provision of the disabled facilities provided in a public hospital in Perak, Malaysia. To support the research, it was supporting with two objectives that are to identify the designs and requirements of disabled facilities that need to be fulfilled according to Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) and other standard regulations and to identify the level of awareness of public on disabled facilities in the public hospital. For the purpose of the research, the observation method has been done towards three (3) selected hospital in Perak and questionnaire survey have been distributed to 96 respondents among the staff and visitors of the hospitals. All the data collected from the questionnaire survey and the checklist using UBBL standard requirement, then analysed using the SPSS V.21. The outcome of the observation indicates that most of the hospitals were provided with the disabled facilities, but there are still some rooms for improvement regarding specifications and the provision itself. In a nutshell, this research helps the management of the hospital together with the public on the importance of the provision of the disabled facilities in public buildings.

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“…Stigma implisit dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti keyakinan subjek tentang masa depan, sensitivitas subjek terhadap konsep disabilitas, serta kontak yang dimiliki subjek dengan penyandang disabilitas (Wilson & Scior, 2014). Analisis lanjutan terhadap elemen stigma implisit mengungkap bahwa asosiasi ini konsisten pada elemen kognitif (stereotipe), namun tidak pada elemen afektif (prasangka) dan perilaku (diskriminasi).…”

Section: Diskusiunclassified

“…Penelitian dengan SC-IAT oleh Wang, Huang, Jackson, dan Chen (2012) mengindikasikan bahwa walaupun mahasiswa di Cina tidak melaporkan stigma pada level eksplisit, lebih dari 60% mahasiswa ternyata memiliki bias implisit negatif kepada penyandang gangguan mental. Meskipun demikian, belum ditemukan korelasi yang konsisten antara stigma implisit dan stigma eksplisit (Wilson & Scior, 2014). Pemetaan pola korelasi antara kedua level stigma tersebut adalah tujuan pertama dari penelitian ini.…”

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StopAbleism: Reduksi stigma kepada penyandang disabilitas melalui intervensi bias implisit

2016

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Abstract. Two levels of stigma towards persons with disabilities have been identified, namely explicit and implicit stigma. This experiment aimed to explore whether these two levels of stigma were related to each other, and whether implicit bias intervention could be used as means to reduce explicit stigma. Participants (N = 98) were divided into three groups of those who initially completed measures of (1) explicit stigma (control group), (2) implicit stigma, followed by immediate feedback, and (3) implicit stigma, followed by explicit stigma and delayed feedback. Implicit stigma and implicit bias feedback were assessed through a computer-based response-latency task known as Single-Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), explicit stigma was rated through self-report questionnaires. As predicted, no correlation was found between implicit and explicit stigma, and reductions in explicit stigma were shown amongst delayed feedback participants. These findings highlight the short-term benefits of implicit bias intervention on ableism. Keywords: ableism, explicit stigma, implicit bias feedback, implicit stigma, SC-IATAbstrak. Stigma kepada penyandang disabilitas beroperasi pada dua level: eksplisit dan implisit. Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan untuk menguji sejauh mana asosiasi antara kedua level stigma, dan apakah intervensi bias implisit dapat mereduksi stigma eksplisit. Partisipan (N = 98) dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok kondisi eksperimen, yaitu kelompok yang lebih dahulu mengerjakan (1) kuesioner stigma eksplisit (kondisi kontrol), (2) instrumen stigma implisit, diikuti pemberian feedback bias implisit (kondisi feedback segera), dan (3) instrumen stigma implisit, diikuti kuesioner stigma eksplisit dan pemberian feedback bias implisit (kondisi feedback tertunda). Stigma implisit dan feedback bias implisit diukur melalui adopsi computer-based response-latency task berupa SingleCategory Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), stigma eksplisit diukur melalui kuesioner self-report. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stigma implisit tidak memiliki korelasi dengan stigma eksplisit, dan bahwa pengerjaan SC-IAT yang diikuti oleh feedback yang tertunda dapat mereduksi sebagian stigma eksplisit. Intervensi bias implisit berpotensi mengurangi praktik ableism, setidaknya dalam jangka pendek.

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Attitudes towards individuals with disabilities as measured by the Implicit Association Test: A literature review

Cited by 125 publications

References 52 publications

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

When less is more – Implicit preference for incomplete bodies in xenomelia

The Provision of the Disabled Facilities in Public Hospitals

StopAbleism: Reduksi stigma kepada penyandang disabilitas melalui intervensi bias implisit

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