Benchmark exercise on risk assessment methods applied to a virtual hydrogen refuelling station

Ham, K. W.; Marangon, Alessia; Middha, Prankul; Versloot, N.H.A.; Rosmuller, Nils; Carcassi, Marco Nicola Mario; Hansen, Olav R.; Schiavetti, M.; Papanikolaou, Efi; Venetsanos, A.G.; Engebø, Angunn; Saw, Ju Lynne; Saffers, Jean-Bernard; Flores, Alain Flores y; Serbanescu, Dan

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.04.118

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…[35,36,37,38,39,40,41] or extended QRA techniques (e.g., Bayesian Networks) [42,43] are used to model the scenarios and root causes, and various reduced-order models and CFD models are used for consequence calculations. The emergence of fast-running behavior models opens the door for use of advanced QRA approaches (i.e., dynamic PSA [probabilistic safety assessment]), including Event Sequence Diagrams [31], Discrete Dynamic Event Trees, various sampling and simulation-based QRA and PSA models [44,45,46].…”

Section: Methodology and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards

Marchi

Hecht

Ekoto

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Hydrogen fuels are being deployed around the world as an alternative to traditional petrol and battery technologies. As with all fuels, regulations, codes and standards are a necessary component of the safe deployment of hydrogen technologies. There has been a focused effort in the international hydrogen community to develop codes and standards based on strong scientific principles to accommodate the relatively rapid deployment of hydrogen-energy systems. The need for science-based codes and standards has revealed the need to advance our scientific understanding of hydrogen in engineering environments. This brief review describes research and development activities with emphasis on scientific advances that have aided the advancement of hydrogen regulations, codes and standards for hydrogen technologies in four key areas: (1) the physics of high-pressure hydrogen releases (called hydrogen behavior); (2) quantitative risk assessment; (3) hydrogen compatibility of materials; and (4) hydrogen fuel quality.

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Section: Methodology and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards

Marchi

Hecht

Ekoto

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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show abstract

“…Both QRA and deterministic hydrogen behavior modeling have become valuable tools for the development and revision of hydrogen codes and standards such as NFPA 2, NFPA 55, and ISO TR-19880 [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the use of QRA in hydrogen applications currently suffers from limitations and inefficiency due to a range of factors, including wide variation in QRA and consequence modeling approaches, the use of unvalidated physics models, lack of data, and more [2,[13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for assessing the safety of Hydrogen Systems: HyRAM 1.1 technical reference manual

Groth

Hecht

Reynolds

et al. 2017

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The HyRAM software toolkit provides a basis for conducting quantitative risk assessment and consequence modeling for hydrogen infrastructure and transportation systems. HyRAM is designed to facilitate the use of state-of-the-art science and engineering models to conduct robust, repeatable assessments of hydrogen safety, hazards, and risk. HyRAM is envisioned as a unifying platform combining validated, analytical models of hydrogen behavior, a standardized, transparent QRA approach, and engineering models and generic data for hydrogen installations. HyRAM is being developed at Sandia National Laboratories for the U. S. Department of Energy to increase access to technical data about hydrogen safety and to enable

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“…This work uses the commercially available software suite for process hazard analysis PHAST developed by DNV GL. PHAST is referred to in international peer-reviewed journals, in model benchmark analysis [16], in post-accident comparative analysis [17] and in consequence model validation studies [18], [19]. Specifically, we point to articles on validation of PHAST's models for spray releases [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puncture of an import gasoline pipeline—Spray effects may evaporate more fuel than a Buncefield-type tank overfill event

Hedlund

Pedersen

Sin

et al. 2019

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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This paper is concerned with evaporation of moderately volatile liquids, gasoline in particular, due to spray generation, liquid fragmentation and fountain effects following accidental puncture of a pressurized pipeline. Hazard analysis predicts that extensive evaporation will take place. The paper examines a typical fuel depot receiving gasoline from a ship at a nearby port via an above-ground pipeline. For comparative purposes, two types of accidental release during import are considered: 1) The receiving tank overflows in a worst-case Buncefield-type event (baseline). 2) The import pipeline is punctured and a jet of liquid discharges upwards.The paper examines pipeline import of three substances, hexane, octane and winter gasoline. Hazard analysis using the PHAST software suite indicates that the amount of fuel evaporated from the pipeline puncture scenarios greatly exceeds the amount evaporated in a tank overfill event for all three substances, gasoline in particular. Proper modelling of evaporation of wide-range multicomponent mixtures such as gasoline is challenging however. PHAST's simplified thermodynamic modelling of properties of mixtures may be a source of error. A PHAST-based stand-alone spray evaporation model with advanced thermodynamic capability is developed. Results indicate that PHAST does indeed overestimate evaporation of mixtures. Still, model output shows that evaporation following pipeline puncture may exceed the evaporation from a Buncefield-type tank overfill event by a factor of two or more. This finding is significant as evaporation from pipeline puncture scenarios appear largely overlooked in hazard analysis. The finding may lead to a fundamental reappraisal of the hazard potential of fuel depots and pipelines.

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Benchmark exercise on risk assessment methods applied to a virtual hydrogen refuelling station

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards

Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards

Methodology for assessing the safety of Hydrogen Systems: HyRAM 1.1 technical reference manual

Puncture of an import gasoline pipeline—Spray effects may evaporate more fuel than a Buncefield-type tank overfill event

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