Benoa Bay Reclamation: The Impact of Policy-Making for Social and Environment

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this article to discover how policy-making that made by the Indonesia government related to the development of Bali Benoa Bay reclamation so that the environment around Benoa Bay stays sustain and the local community does not feel threatened by the development of Benoa Bay Reclamation, especially the Adat community.
 Methodology: This article is a result of legal studies using the normative juridical method. First, a complete, thorough, and comprehensive approach becomes the base in identifying the subject matter of the problem. Second, it is made to know and understand the policy in settling the problems in spatial planning from the legal aspect of (Seokanto & Mamudji, 1994).
 Main Findings: Policy change on Benoa Bay status affected social and environmental aspects. The policy that the Indonesia government made was led to a huge environmental impact on Benoa Bay. The status changed of Benoa Bay from a conservation area to an exploitation area can be a threat to the marine ecosystem and the migratory species, because in Presidential Regulation Number 54 the Year 2014 stated that it can develop reclamation in Benoa Bay.
 Implications/Applications: This study discusses theories about environmental law, and analyzes them against cases so that sustainable development can be achieved. Policy or decision making must base on the use of the best information and the best science available, and in some situations, it is appropriate regarding environmental, social, and cultural factors.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: As far as we are concerned, an environmental problem in Bali not particularly noticed in the development plan of the reclamation of Benoa Bay that caused by policy-making and the effect to the society and environment, this article is an attempt to viewed from a different side in addition to tourism in Bali.

Testing and Enhancing the 8R Framework of Responsible Land Management with Documented Strategies and Effects of Land Reclamation Projects in Indonesia

“…The Bali Mandara Toll Road (also referred to as the Nusa Dua-Ngurah Rai-Benoa Toll Road) crosses the Gulf of Benoa in Bali. The developer of the reclamation project is The developer of this reclamation project is PT TirtaWahana Bali Internasional (PT TWBI), a property development and management company based in Bali [52]. b.…”

The Conflict in the Iron Sand Mining Construction in Yogyakarta (A Study of the Society’s Social Movement Against the Iron Sand Mining Construction Project)

“…It can be seen especially from the power of the Cendana Family (the name for Soeharto's Family) that still can manage the country's assets easily for personal interest instead of returning and managing the country's assets for the society's interest (Pausacker 2018). The exploitation of natural resources that has the high potential to cause detrimental effects on the society is still happening in this era, for example, the case of the Benoa Bay reclamation plan in Bali (Adharani et al 2020), the cement factory construction plan in Kendeng Mountains (Nawiyanto and Endrayadi 2019), the iron sand mining construction project plan in the southern coastal area of Yogyakarta (which will be the focus of discussion in this paper), and many other cases that exploit the natural environment, oppress the society, cause detriment, and benefit only a handful of people. The injustice that has been done by the coalition between the government and businesspeople in managing natural resources has led to many kinds of resistance movements.…”