Beyond residential segregation: A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation

Park, Yoo Min; Kwan, Mei‐Po

doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.05.001

Cited by 79 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These characteristics offer an important context for examining how racial segregation contributes to the disparity in exposure to traffic-related air pollution. Multi-contextual segregation is measured using the individual-level spatiotemporal proximity index (i-STP index) [5]. The i-STP index, a modified version of Grannis's [21] residential segregation index, measures the relative spatial proximity of activity locations among multiple groups during a specific time using an inverse distance function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several advantages of this index over Grannis's index and other similar residential segregation indices (e.g., White's [22] spatial proximity index). First, it is an individual-level index that uses the exact activity locations at which an individual stayed, unlike Grannis's index that often relies on centroids of spatial units (e.g., census tract) to represent individuals' residential locations [5]. Therefore, it is less subject to aggregation errors that arise from aggregating point data into areal units [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is less subject to aggregation errors that arise from aggregating point data into areal units [23]. It can also measure segregation levels not only at an individual's residential location but also at his/her various other activity locations [5]. In addition, while Grannis's index produces a global value for the entire region using the total population, the i-STP index calculates a local index for each individual by only including k number of spatiotemporally close neighbors of the individual in the calculation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies examined the role of residential segregation in understanding the disparities in exposure to air pollution [1][2][3]. However, a growing body of literature has suggested that people may experience racial segregation and exposure to air pollution beyond their residential contexts because they move through multiple microenvironments to undertake daily activities [4][5][6]. It has been revealed that racial/ethnic groups do not necessarily work and play together in the same part of an urban area [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To articulate the full spectrum of segregation that occurs in multiple places throughout the day, Park and Kwan [5] proposed a new comprehensive term, "multi-contextual segregation". Multiple contexts in this term include not only spatial contexts of daily life (e.g., home, work, and social/recreational places) but also temporal contexts in which an individual is situated (e.g., times of day).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Understanding Racial Disparities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Considering the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Population Distribution

Park

Kwan

2020

IJERPH

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This study investigates the effect of spatiotemporal distributions of racial groups on disparities in exposure to traffic-related air pollution by considering people’s daily movement patterns. Due to human mobility, a residential neighborhood does not fully represent the true geographic context in which people experience racial segregation and unequal exposure to air pollution. Using travel-activity survey data containing individuals’ activity locations and time spent at each location, this study measures segregation levels that an individual might experience during the daytime and nighttime, estimates personal exposure by integrating hourly pollution maps and the survey data, and examines the association between daytime/nighttime segregation and exposure levels. The proximity of each activity location to major roads is also evaluated to further examine the unequal exposure. The results reveal that people are more integrated for work in high-traffic areas, which contributes to similarly high levels of exposure for all racial groups during the daytime. However, white people benefit from living in suburbs/exurbs away from busy roads. The finding suggests that policies for building an extensive and equitable public transit system should be implemented together with the policies for residential mixes among racial groups to reduce everyone’s exposure to traffic-related air pollution and achieve environmental justice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Understanding Racial Disparities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Considering the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Population Distribution

Park

Kwan

2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

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A Critical Reading of Neighborhood‐based Policies and their Geography

Vallée¹

2022

Inequalities in Geographical Space

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Does social exposure influence locals' and migrants' city attachment? Comparing residential areas and activity spaces

Lin

2023

Population Space and Place

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City attachment captures individual migrants' emotional bonds to their host city and is an essential indicator of their social integration. Although a growing literature has investigated the impact of the residence-based social environment on city attachment, few works have attempted to unravel the effects of social exposure in an individual's daily activity space. Drawing on an activity diary survey and census data from Shanghai, we examine how social exposure in residential areas and activity spaces influences an individual's city attachment. Specifically, we compare these differences among local residents, urban migrants, and rural migrants. Social exposure is measured by time-weighted migrant exposure in residential and activity spaces, capturing the social mix among locals and migrants. We find that the city attachment of local residents is greater than that of migrants. There are also significant differences in migrant exposure among the three groups: Local residents have the lowest migrant exposure, while rural migrants possess the highest.Moreover, people living in residential spaces with higher migrant exposure experience lower exposure levels in activity spaces. Each of the three groups also reveals a distinct impact of social exposure on city attachment. For local residents, residence-based migrant exposure has a significant positive impact on their city attachment. For urban migrants, however, the effect of migrant exposure on their city attachment is statistically insignificant. Finally, for rural migrants, activity-based migrant exposure negatively impacts their city attachment. Accordingly, this study indicates that the social mix in both residential areas and activity spaces, for example, workplace or routine activity locations, should be evaluated to promote individuals' social integration.

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Beyond residential segregation: A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation

Cited by 79 publications

References 52 publications

Understanding Racial Disparities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Considering the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Population Distribution

Understanding Racial Disparities in Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution: Considering the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Population Distribution

A Critical Reading of Neighborhood‐based Policies and their Geography

Does social exposure influence locals' and migrants' city attachment? Comparing residential areas and activity spaces

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