Bi-layered constructs based on poly(l-lactic acid) and starch for tissue engineering of osteochondral defects

Nanoengineered biomaterials for repair and regeneration of orthopedic tissue interfaces

“…Recently, bilayered scaffolds have been investigated, where each layer of the scaffold represents a different tissue. [54][55][56] Although a better representation of the complex interface tissue, this strategy does not account for the interface region. [19] More recently, multi-layered scaffolds consisting of three or more layers have been designed.…”

Bio‐Inspired Mineral Growth on Porous Spherulitic Textured Poly(L‐lactic acid)/Bioactive Glass Composite Scaffolds

“…After the predetermined time periods, the samples were taken out of the test tubes, rinsed in deionised water (pH = 5.35) to remove the inorganic ions, patted dry on B19 adsorbent paper and dried at 40°C under vacuum for 24 hrs. [9] Characterization of mineralized scaffolds: The mineralized scaffolds were characterized in an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) (Rigaku Geigerflex D/Mac,C series diffractometer with Cu K a radiation, k = 1.5406 A). The scan range was 2 h = 3.025 to 59.975°with step size of 0.05°.…”

Stratified scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering applications: Electrospun PDLLA nanofibre coated Bioglass®-derived foams

“…Common approaches involve: 6 (1) seeding autologous chondrocytes at the top of the scaffold creating a cell-scaffold construct for in vivo implantation, [18][19][20][21] (2) two different cartilage and bone scaffolds assembled together either before or during implantation, 22,23 and (3) an integrated bilayered composite structure that leads to a complete integration of bone and cartilage layers without needing a subsequent joining mechanism. [24][25][26] Moreover, several strategies with single-layer materials have been put forward, as reviewed by Mano and Reis. 3 It is accepted that bilayered structures are more challenging to design and fabricate but they are ultimately more suitable for regenerating osteochondral defects.…”