Biodiesel from “Morelos” Rice: Synthesis, Oxidative Stability, and Corrosivity

Abstract

Rice bran is a by-product of great production worldwide and its use for the synthesis of biodiesel does not affect the food chain and therefore it is an excellent alternative for the production of biofuels with low carbon footprint. In this work, the synthesis of biodiesel was carried out from the raw rice bran oil of a kernel variety called “Morelos rice.” The stability and corrosivity characteristics of biodiesel were determined. Biodiesel stability was determined both under storage conditions and under accelerated oxidation conditions, and its corrosivity was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 110°C under aerated conditions. The results showed that, due to the high instability of the rice bran, its raw oil had a high content of free fatty acids. The synthesized biodiesel showed excellent stability under storage conditions of up to five months, and its oxidative stability was much higher than that established in international standards. On the other hand, biodiesel showed low corrosivity and this was only significant once oxidative degradation began.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Biodiesel Obtained from Amazon Sailfin Catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) Biomass Oil

“…Biodiesel represents a viable fuel substitute to reduce the pollutant emissions produced by the combustion of diesel derived from oil in compression-ignition engines. It has several advantages as compared to diesel fuel oil such as its sustainability, its ability to maintain the balance of the carbon cycle, it is biodegradable, it has a level of lubrication, and it reduces the emission of toxic pollutants that are harmful to human health [2,3]. Nevertheless, its main disadvantage is the high cost of refined oils used as feedstock for its production, which can represent between 60% and 80% of the final cost of biodiesel production.…”

Synthesis of NdAlO3 Nanoparticles and Evaluation of the Catalytic Capacity for Biodiesel Synthesis

“…In the case of residual oil without the catalyst, this band was smaller. It has been indicated that its presence may correspond to the alcohol group (OH), oxydryl (OH–), or hydrogen bonding [11,45]. The presence of this signal can be associated with the alcohol groups of the glycerol, that is, mono- and diacylglycerides are present in the oil due to the incomplete transesterification of the triacylglycerides.…”

“…Figure 16 shows the FTIR spectra of the biodiesel synthesized in the presence and absence of the catalyst at 200 °C for 6 h. Due to the structural similarity that exists between triglycerides and methyl esters, the spectra of both are similar [11]. In the spectra, the characteristic peak of the carbonyl group of the methoxyesters (–CO–OCH 3 ) was observed at ≈1743 cm −1 , which has been used to confirm the conversion of the oil to biodiesel [45,46].…”

“…Biodiesel synthesis can be carried out using a process of esterification and/or transesterification of vegetable oils, depending on their content of free fatty acids [11], in the presence of a catalyst, where the catalytic reaction can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.…”

Corrosion Induced on Aluminum by Biodiesel Components in Non-Oxygen Environments

“…Platinum wires were used as the reference and counter electrodes. Previous work has reported using platinum as a reference electrode in electrochemical measurements and shown that using platinum as a reference electrode instead of conventional electrodes does not alter the information's content [32][33][34][35]. The working electrode was an aluminum-made plate (reaction area ~1 cm 2 ), to which a copper conductor wire was welded on one of its faces, followed by encapsulation in epoxy resin.…”