Biogenesis of macrofungal sclerotia: influencing factors and molecular mechanisms

Sun, Xueyan; Liu, Dongmei; Wang, Yuanyuan; Ma, Anqi

doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10545-8

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Metabolic processes are required for the growth, as well as reproduction, of all kinds of microorganisms [34]. Carbon sources, such as glucose, maltose and fructose, as well as nitrogen sources, could be determining factors affecting fungal growth and sclerotia formation [59]. The results of the RNA-seq showed that many DEGs involved in carbohydrate or amino acid metabolism, such as alpha-amylase, glutaminase and serine carboxypeptidase, were reduced by ε-PL in S. sclerotiorum or B. cinerea, which indicated that the agent could suppress the basal metabolisms of the fungi, resulting in a decrease in fungal growth and sclerotia formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2021

JoF

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Microbial secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces are applied to control plant diseases. The metabolite, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), is a non-toxic food preservative, but the potential application of this compound as a microbial fungicide in agriculture is rarely reported. In this study, the effect and mode of action of ε-PL on two necrotrophic pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, were investigated. The results showed that ε-PL effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea with EC50 values of 283 μg/mL and 281 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, ε-PL at the dose of 150 and 300 μg/mL reduced S. sclerotiorum sclerotia formation. The results of the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation indicated that ε-PL significantly regulated the gene expression of critical differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fungal growth, metabolism, pathogenicity, and induced an increase in the expression of the fungal stress responses and the detoxification genes. These results provided new insights for understanding the modes of action of ε-PL on S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea and improved the sustainable management of these plant diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…It is very difficult to find asexual spores of R. solani and this fungus survives in an unfavorable environment through sclerotia formed by tightly interweaving mycelia (Willetts and Bullock 1992;Sun et al 2020b). Sclerotia are developed on infected plants late in the cropping season and are dropped into soil or water (Shu et al 2019).…”

Section: Overview Of the Pathogens And Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani

Wei

et al. 2021

Rice

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Rhizoctonia solani is an important phytopathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution. The anastomosis group AG1 IA of R. solani has been identified as the predominant causal agent of rice sheath blight, one of the most devastating diseases of crop plants. As a necrotrophic pathogen, R. solani exhibits many characteristics different from biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens during co-evolutionary interaction with host plants. Various types of secondary metabolites, carbohydrate-active enzymes, secreted proteins and effectors have been revealed to be essential pathogenicity factors in R. solani. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species, phytohormone signaling, transcription factors and many other defense-associated genes have been identified to contribute to sheath blight resistance in rice. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on molecular interactions between rice and R. solani. Based on knowledge of rice-R. solani interactions and sheath blight resistance QTLs, multiple effective strategies have been developed to generate rice cultivars with enhanced sheath blight resistance.

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“…Oxidation -reduction–related genes were differentially expressed in mycelium vs. sclerotium production in other mushroom-producing species, such as Polyporus umbellatus , W. cocos , and L. rhinocerotis ( Song et al, 2014 ; Yap et al, 2015 ; Wu et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2017 ). The molecular mechanisms controlling sclerotium formation might include oxidative stress, signal transduction, and gene expression regulation ( Sun et al, 2020 ). In this study, 155 genes involved in oxidation-reduction progress were significantly and differentially expressed in GO-BP ( Figure 5A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cremoris and a downregulated minor extracellular protease vpr homologous to Bacillus subtilis (strain 168) related to serine-type endopeptidase activity. Cell walls of sclerotia were thicker than those of mycelia in P. tuber-regium ( Sun et al, 2020 ). This is likely because of the accumulation of cell wall components in addition to HPs, such as chitin, glycan, and xylan, as reported for P. umbellatus sclerotia ( Li et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the P. tuber-regium sclerotia cell wall had high levels of protein content, the number of its identified cell wall proteins was much lower than those found in mycelia or fruiting bodies ( Chen et al, 2012 ). Additionally, the sclerotial cell wall was significantly thicker than that of the mycelial cell wall in P. tuber-regium ( Sun et al, 2020 ). Thus, DEGs associated with cell wall proteins deserve further verification and functional research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome and Comparative Transcriptome Dissection Provide Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Sclerotium Formation in Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus tuber-regium

Sun

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Pleurotus tuber-regium is an edible and medicinal sclerotium-producing mushroom. The sclerotia of this mushroom also serve as food and folk medicine. Based on the description of its monokaryon genome, sequenced with Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies, comparative transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to study its mechanism of sclerotium formation. The de novo assembled genome is 35.82 Mb in size with a N50 scaffold size of 4.29 Mb and encodes 12,173 putative proteins. Expression analysis demonstrated that 1,146 and 1,249 genes were upregulated and downregulated with the formation of sclerotia, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were associated with substrate decomposition, the oxidation-reduction process, cell wall synthesis, and other biological processes in P. tuber-regium. These genomic and transcriptomic resources provide useful information for the mechanism underlying sclerotium formation in P. tuber-regium.

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Biogenesis of macrofungal sclerotia: influencing factors and molecular mechanisms

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Strategies to Manage Rice Sheath Blight: Lessons from Interactions between Rice and Rhizoctonia solani

Genome and Comparative Transcriptome Dissection Provide Insights Into Molecular Mechanisms of Sclerotium Formation in Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom Pleurotus tuber-regium

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