Bird conservation values of off-reserve forests in lowland Nepal

Dahal, Bhagawan Raj; McAlpine, Clive; Maron, Martine

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.033

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consequently, poverty, access rights and environmental degradation are major challenges to biodiversity conservation in the developing world today. Although protected areas will continue to be important for conservation, future conservation efforts will, by necessity, increasingly be focused on areas that have been and continue to be influenced by a manifold of human activities, as protected areas alone are not enough to protect biodiversity in the face of increasing human pressures [7][8][9]. Increased demand for natural resources due to population growth, the conversion of forest to an alternative permanent non-forested land use such as agriculture, grazing, road construction, or urban development, are leading to forest clearing even around reserves [10] and increased extraction of native species from their local environment [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Biodiversity: Impacts of Legal Protection in Mountain Forests of the Himalayas

Måren

Sharma²

2018

Forests

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Legal protection has been used as means of conserving forests and associated biodiversity in many regions of the world since the eighteenth century. However, most forests in the global south, even those within protected areas, are influenced by human activities. Himalayan forests harbour much of the biodiversity of the region, maintain subsistence livelihoods, and provide regional and global ecosystem services like water regulation, flood control, and carbon sequestration. Yet few studies have quantitatively studied the impacts of legal protection on forest health and biodiversity. We assess woody biodiversity and forest health in relation to legal protection and biomass extraction in forests inside and outside Langtang National Park in Nepal (n = 180). We found more woody species in protected forests. Of the 69 woody species recorded, 47% occurred at both sites. Within protected forests, we found differences in forest health largely related to the intensity of biomass extraction expressed as walking distance to settlement. The closer the forest was to settlements, the heavier degradation it suffered, showing that within agro-forestry systems in the Himalayas, the resource-consumer distance is typically determining the intensity of biomass extraction. Our research brings forth the need to better address the drivers of resource extraction from protected areas in order to mitigate this degradation. It also brings forth the need to contribute to the development of appropriate participatory management programmes outside areas of formal protection in order to sustain both biodiversity and ecosystem service delivery from these forests for the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Biodiversity: Impacts of Legal Protection in Mountain Forests of the Himalayas

Måren

Sharma²

2018

Forests

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“…In Nepal 95.73 % of avifaunal diversity are documented within the protected areas. According to Dahal et al (2014), out of 124 bird species of low land, Nepal, 24% were recorded in forest outside the protected area and 45% of species were common to the protected area, community-based forest area and national forest. Even though protected area is home to global biodiversity, off-reserve area is also equally significant for conserving biodiversity (Dahal et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avifaunal Diversity of Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda Metropolis, Nepal

Bajagain

Pokhrel

Baniya³

et al. 2020

Forestry: J. Inst. Fores. Nep.

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Avifaunal diversity is the measure of species diversity via species richness and evenness. To this aim, avifaunal survey was conducted in the Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda from November 2017 to June 2018. Using line transect and point count methods, 132 species of birds were recorded, representing 15 orders and 44 families. Three species of these birds are in IUCN Red List while 90, 27 and 15 species are residential, visitor and migrant respectively. Higher Shannon diversity index (4.47) and Margalef index (18.78) indicate marked diversity and richness of bird species. A high value calculated for the Simpson index (0.98) represents higher evenness within the species individuals. Although, Pielou’s evenness index (0.92) shows uniformity in the species distribution, Shannon index seems to be influenced by diversity index, species richness and evenness values. The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the Institute of Forestry Complex as a suitable bird habitat.

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“…The formulation of Aichi Target 11 encompasses not just PAs per se, but also "other effective area-based conservation measures." This component of the target recognizes the conservation value of sites where management is consistent with the maintenance of the biodiversity, yet the sites do not meet the formal definition of a protected area, such as some networks of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs), community-based resource management areas (Grantham et al 2011;Dahal et al 2014), and various forms of traditional land-use management. As with the rest of Aichi Target 11, this spans governance arrangements including public, private, community, local, indigenous, customary, and mixed arrangements (Borrini-Feyerabend et al 2013).…”

Section: Defining Oecms By Assessing the Contribution Of Other Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Dahal et al. ), and various forms of traditional land‐use management. As with the rest of Aichi Target 11, this spans governance arrangements including public, private, community, local, indigenous, customary, and mixed arrangements (Borrini‐Feyerabend et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bolder science needed now for protected areas

Watson

Darling

Venter

et al. 2016

Conservation Biology

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174

124

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Recognizing that protected areas (PAs) are essential for effective biodiversity conservation action, the Convention on Biological Diversity established ambitious PA targets as part of the 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. Under the strategic goal to "improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding ecosystems, species, and genetic diversity," Target 11 aims to put 17% of terrestrial and 10% of marine regions under PA status by 2020. Additionally and crucially, these areas are required to be of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative, and well-connected and to include "other effective area-based conservation measures" (OECMs). Whereas the area-based targets are explicit and measurable, the lack of guidance for what constitutes important and representative; effective; and OECMs is affecting how nations are implementing the target. There is a real risk that Target 11 may be achieved in terms of area while failing the overall strategic goal for which it is established because the areas are poorly located, inadequately managed, or based on unjustifiable inclusion of OECMs. We argue that the conservation science community can help establish ecologically sensible PA targets to help prioritize important biodiversity areas and achieve ecological representation; identify clear, comparable performance metrics of ecological effectiveness so progress toward these targets can be assessed; and identify metrics and report on the contribution OECMs make toward the target. By providing ecologically sensible targets and new performance metrics for measuring the effectiveness of both PAs and OECMs, the science community can actively ensure that the achievement of the required area in Target 11 is not simply an end in itself but generates genuine benefits for biodiversity.

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Bird conservation values of off-reserve forests in lowland Nepal

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Managing Biodiversity: Impacts of Legal Protection in Mountain Forests of the Himalayas

Managing Biodiversity: Impacts of Legal Protection in Mountain Forests of the Himalayas

Avifaunal Diversity of Institute of Forestry Complex, Hetauda Metropolis, Nepal

Bolder science needed now for protected areas

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