Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots for Hole Extraction of Typical Planar Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Black phosphorus, famous as two-dimensional (2D) materials, shows such excellent properties for optoelectronic devices such as tunable direct band gap, extremely high hole mobility (300-1000 cm/(V s)), and so forth. In this Letter, facile processed black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) were successfully applied to enhance hole extraction at the anode side of the typical p-i-n planar hybrid perovskite solar cells, which remarkably improved the performance of devices with photon conversion efficiency ramping up from 14.10 to 16.69%. Moreover, more detailed investigations by c-AFM, SKPM, SEM, hole-only devices, and photon physics measurements discover further the hole extraction effect and work mechanism of the BPQDs, such as nucleation assistance for the growth of large grain size perovskite crystals, fast hole extraction, more efficient hole transfer, and suppression of energy-loss recombination at the anode interface. This work definitely paves the way for discovering more and more 2D materials with high electronic properties to be used in photovoltaics and optoelectronics.

Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots Induced High‐Quality Perovskite Film for Efficient and Thermally Stable Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The LPE BPQDs are characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy. As shown in Figure a, the lattice fringes derived from the HR‐TEM image and the corresponding fast Fourier transform pattern (the right‐bottom inset image) are consistent and were determined to be 0.27, 0.34, and 0.43 nm from different BPQDs, which are consistent with the former reports . From the Raman spectra (Figure c), three characteristic peaks corresponding to A 1 g , B 2g , and A 2 g vibrational modes of BP were detected.…”

Black Phosphorus: Synthesis and Application for Solar Cells

“…[52] Recently, Chen et al [16] introduced BPQDs in the HTL of inverted p-i-n planar PSCs to investigate the hole extraction effect of BPQDs. [52] Recently, Chen et al [16] introduced BPQDs in the HTL of inverted p-i-n planar PSCs to investigate the hole extraction effect of BPQDs.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Recently, phosphorene-mono/ few-layer black phosphorus (BP)-has been introduced to the family of elemental 2D layered materials and is drawing significant attention. [15][16][17] Despite these advantages, one significant issue that restricts the use of BP derivatives in practical applications is the lack of an experimental method for preparation of large quantities of high-quality BP nanosheets. [10] Moreover, BP shows strong in-plane anisotropy unlike other 2D materials and balances outstanding properties such as good carrier mobility, high ON/OFF ratio, and excellent thermoelectric performance (ZT).…”

Synergy Effect of Both 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethylamine Hydrochloride and SnF2 for Highly Stable FASnI3−xClx Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The work function shift is expected to result in the improvement of the energy band alignment at perovskite interfaces with both PEDOT:PSS and PCBM (Figure f). This would in turn result in improved charge collection, and consequently improved device performance …”