Bone marrow transplantation: clinical and radiologic aspects.

Late-onset pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

“…According to the literature, the intervals between HSCT and the onset of subsequent PCI are usually less than 6 months [1][2][3], although a few exceptions have been reported (9-16 months after HSCT) [3][4][5][6]. The present case developed PCI 3 years after HSCT, which is the most delayed onset among those reported to date.…”

“…PCI usually occurs in association with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and immunosuppressive medication during the early posttransplantation period [1][2][3]. Herein, we report a rare case of very late-onset PCI associated with severe late-onset non-infectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) after unrelated bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).…”

Rectal inflammation as first manifestation of graft-vs-host disease: radiologic-pathologic findings

“…The acute form, by definition, occurs within 100 days after transplantation, and the chronic form later [8]. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) usually appears after a skin rash and rarely is the presenting or sole manifestation [3,9,10]. Diarrhea, lower GI bleeding, infection, and infarction all may develop and are significant causes of morbidity and mortality [7,11].…”

Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis after Chemotherapy for Hematological Malignancies: Report of 4 Cases.

“…A break of the intestinal mucosa permits air to pass, and under pressure, gases in the lumen invade to the submucosa. Although PCI mayoccur in the absence of the primary disorder, it is usually associated with intestinal obstruction, inflammation, ulceration, diverticula, tumors, collagen disease, medical procedures such as endoscopy and operation, hypoxemia, chemoradiotherapy in malignancies (1 , 2), and organ transplantation under immunosuppression (3)(4)(5). Concerning the bacterial theory, Stevenson et al (6) reported that severe enterocolitis of the newborncaused the figure of PCI.…”