Brassinosteroids and Monoglycerides with Brassinosteroid-like Activity in Immature Seeds ofOryza sativaandPerilla frutescensand in Cultured Cells ofNicotiana tabacum

Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones important for plant growth and development. They include more then 70 compounds. Their physiological effect and possibilities of practical use are still being investigated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of exogenously applied 24‐epibrassinolide, one of the brassinosteroids, on the grain yield and grain chemical composition (carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals) of wheat. Moreover, we analysed the presence of brassinosteroids in newly formed wheat grains after exogenous plant treatment with 24‐epibrassinolide. Experiments were performed in a vegetation hall (plants cultivated in pots) and in the field. The tested regulator was applied via 48 h seed soaking (1 mg·dm−3) or spraying plants at the heading stage (0.25 mg·dm−3). 24‐epibrassinolide increased grain yield in plants growing in the field (by about 20 %), but not in plants cultivated in vegetation hall. Grain chemical composition was altered by 24‐epibrassinolide in wheat growing in the vegetation hall; the content of soluble sugars was higher while that of total fats and calcium was lowered, whereas the starch and soluble protein content was not affected. The effect of the hormone was in these cases dependent on the method of its application. As for plants cultivated in the field, the hormone impact on the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and minerals contained in the grains was rather negligible. In wheat grains, the presence of brassinolide, castasterone and 24‐epicastasterone was found. 24‐Epibrassinolide applied exogenously to plants was not accumulated in newly formed grains. Additionally, significance of ethanol as a hormone solvent is discussed.

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“…In the Graminae family, brassinosteroids have been found in rice seeds and bran, roots of Zea mays L. and rye seeds (Park et al. 1994, Abe et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Graminae family, brassinosteroids have been found in rice seeds and bran, roots of Zea mays L. and rye seeds (Park et al 1994, Abe et al 1995, Schmidt et al 1995, Kim et al 2000. Those found most often include castasterone, teasterone, secasterone, brassinolide and dolichosterone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of 24‐Epibrassinolide in Wheat Production: Physiological Effects and Uptake

Janeczko

Biesaga‐Kościelniak

Oklešťková

et al. 2010

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…BRs have been found in many monocotyledons and dicotyledons (Grove et al 1979, Bajguz andTretyn 2003). In the Graminae, brassinosteroids have been found in rice seeds and bran, roots of Zea mays L. and in rye seeds (Park et al 1994, Abe et al 1995, Schmidt et al 1995, Kim et al 2000. The BRs most frequently encountered are castasterone, teasterone, secasterone and typhasterol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous brassinosteroids in wheat treated with 24-epibrassinolide

Janeczko¹,

Swaczynová²

2010

Biologia plant.

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The aim of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on its uptake and content of endogenous brassinosteroids in wheat seedlings. 24-Epibrassinolide was applied at two concentrations (0.1 and 2.0 µM) and in three different methods: by soaking seeds, by drenching and by spraying plants. Brassinosteroids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray mass spectrometry. Three important brassinosteroids, 24-epibrassinolide, brassinolide and castasterone, were detected in the wheat leaves, but their contents varied with leaf insertion and plant age. Increased 24-epibrassinolide content in the leaf tissue was found when this hormone was applied by soaking or drenching. Additionally the seed treatment influenced brassinosteroid balance in seedlings. The growth response of wheat seedlings treated with 24-epibrassinolide has been also investigated.

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“…The modes of action of 4-Cl-IAA-Me and 2,4-D-Me as BR-like chemicals remain unclear. Park et al [220,221] isolated a monoglyceride, monoolein (114, Figure 6(A)), and confirmed that it displays BR-like activities, although the activity is weaker than that of BL. Although the mode of By characterizing a series of Arabidopsis dwarf mutants (DWF), several genes involved in BR biosynthesis were identified, including deetiolated 2 (DET2)/DWF6 encoding a 5α-reductase [177], constitutive photomorphogenesis dwarfism (CPD)/DWF3 encoding CYP90, a cytochrome P450 [178], DWF4 encoding a 22-alpha-hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase [179], DWF1 encoding an enzyme for the conversion of 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol [180], and DWF7/STEROL1(STE1) encoding delta 7-sterol-C-5-desaturase [181,182].…”

Section: Brassinosteroidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*

Jiang

Asami

2018

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

120

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Plant hormones are small molecules that play versatile roles in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to the environment. Classic methodologies, including genetics, analytic chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology, have contributed to the progress in plant hormone studies. In addition, chemical regulators of plant hormone functions have been important in such studies. Today, synthetic chemicals, including plant growth regulators, are used to study and manipulate biological systems, collectively referred to as chemical biology. Here, we summarize the available chemical regulators and their contributions to plant hormone studies. We also pose questions that remain to be addressed in plant hormone studies and that might be solved with the help of chemical regulators.

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Brassinosteroids and Monoglycerides with Brassinosteroid-like Activity in Immature Seeds ofOryza sativaandPerilla frutescensand in Cultured Cells ofNicotiana tabacum

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Role of 24‐Epibrassinolide in Wheat Production: Physiological Effects and Uptake

Role of 24‐Epibrassinolide in Wheat Production: Physiological Effects and Uptake

Endogenous brassinosteroids in wheat treated with 24-epibrassinolide

Chemical regulators of plant hormones and their applications in basic research and agriculture*

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