Brinquedo Terapêutico No Alívio Da Dor Em Crianças Hospitalizadas

Abstract

A hospitalização de uma criança pode ser uma das maiores fontes de ansiedade tanto para a própria criança, quanto para os familiares e profissionais de saúde. O Brinquedo Terapêutico Instrucional (BTI) tem como finalidade preparar a criança para a hospitalização, dramatizando a situação a ser vivenciada. A pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia do uso do BTI para o alívio de dor em crianças hospitalizadas, através da análise das manifestações demonstradas pela criança nos procedimentos dolorosos e como objetivos específicos, avaliar a dor apresentada pelas crianças durante a realização de procedimentos dolorosos, antes e após o uso do BTI e discutir o uso do BTI pela enfermagem, em crianças hospitalizadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em um hospital público de grande porte do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e foram incluídas todas as crianças internadas no setor de pediatria e excluídas aquelas que estiverem fora da faixa etária de 2 a 10 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da observação da criança durante a realização dos procedimentos dolorosos (curativos e punções venosas) e foram avaliados de forma descritiva. Evidenciou-se uma redução da dor referida pelas crianças, obtendo uma redução da dor em 96,9% dos procedimentos realizados. Conclui-se que o BTI contribui na minimização do estresse decorrente do processo de hospitalização e proporciona um melhor relacionamento entre a equipe de saúde e a criança.

Percepção da criança hospitalizada acerca do brinquedo terapêutico instrucional na terapia intravenosa

“…This result is in line with the objectives proposed by this instrument, which is seen as a tool capable of mitigating the suffering and trauma resulting from hospitalization, and consequently carrying out invasive procedures. 13,15,19 Favoring the child's understanding of the procedures to which they will be submitted, and the real benefits of these for their health, is one of the main objectives of the ITP practice, which aims to enable the dramatization of the procedure by the child, with the purpose of reducing the levels of anxiety, fear, tension, anguish and suffering presented by these.…”

“…20 This fact raises the need for health professionals to prepare children for carrying out procedures through playful and structured methods, such as ITP. 21 In their studies, 13,15 affirm that children, when prepared through ITP for IVT, feel calmer, start to deal and collaborate with the treatment, and have the opportunity to dramatize the procedure to which they will be submitted, thus reducing stress levels.…”

“…In view of the attenuation of pain resulting from IVT, a study found that 96.9% of their total sample reported lower pain scores after intervention with the ITP, and that only one child continued to have the same pain intensity. 13 When asked if they liked to learn how to give injection of the doll, through the session with the ITP, it was noticeable the children's satisfaction, as well as the reduction of fear, and the expression of strength, joy and autonomy. Feelings reaffirmed in the study, 22 in which the mothers of hospitalized children mentioned that the use of ITP enabled infants to better understand, accept the procedure and reduce fear, as well as providing a moment Instructional therapeutic play in intravenous therapy Coelho HP, Souza GSD, Freitas VHS, Santos IRA, Ribeiro CA, Sales JKD, Oliveira JD, Gonçalves GAA, Castro APR of learning and distraction, which favored greater tranquility and security for them.…”

“…19,27 After the session with the ITP, most children, to the detriment of the attenuation of the levels of fear, anxiety and tension, resulting from the instructional practice, were more relaxed and safe, aspects that favor their understanding and acceptance about the IVT, allowing the child to respond better to stimuli and requests, and to perceive hospitalization as less frightening. 13,15,24 Thus, when the nurse professional is aware of the impact generated by hospitalization on the child's behavioral reactions, he/she understands and sensitizes him/herself to the promotion of active listening, as a means of understanding the particularities, anxieties, anxieties, fears and desires of the child, as well as the need to integrate more humanized practices in the care of hospitalized children, such as ITP, storytelling, play therapy and other.…”

“…When prepared with the ITP, children have the opportunity to deal with the painful experience before experiencing it, which allows them to feel more at ease, comfortable and safe, in the face of the realization of IVT. 12,13 This study is justified by the need to understand the perception of the hospitalized child about the use of the ITP in the preparation for IVT, an action that can provide the children with peace of mind, understanding and knowledge about the procedures that will be performed with them, as well as the lack of primary scientific studies that address the child's understanding about the use of this therapeutic method.…”