Bukti Langsung Interaksi Perdagangan Di Kepulauan Riau; Studi Pada Situs Arkeologi Bawah Air Di Pulau Natuna Dan Pulau Bintan

Abstract

ABSTRAKKepulauan Riau merupakan salah satu pintu gerbang masuknya para pedagang internasional ke Nusantara. Kepulauan ini memiliki sejarah maritim yang panjang, dan aktivitas perdagangan global terekam secara baik di kawasan ini dengan ditemukannya situs-situs arkeologi salah satunya situs kapal karam dan barang komoditasnya. Kapal karam merupakan bukti langsung secara arkeologi untuk merekonstruksi aktivitas pelayaran laut. Dari temuan kapal karam kita dapat mempelajari teknologi struktur kapal itu sendiri, navigasi laut dalam jalur perdagangan, interaksi budaya, serta jenis komoditas yang dipasarkan di Perairan Nusantara secara khusus. Kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu berkembang pesat seiring makin ramainya aktivitas perdagangan di Laut Cina Selatan dan Selat Malaka. Data arkeologi menunjukkan pedagang-pedagang dari India, Arab, Persia, bahkan Eropa telah singgah dan beraktivitas di perairan Kepulauan Riau. Para ahli pun berpendapat bahwa Perairan Laut Cina Selatan hingga Selat Malaka tidak kalah ramainya dengan perairan Mediteranian. Hal ini tergambar pada situs-situs arkeologi bawah air yang berada di Perairan Pulau Natuna dan Pulau Bintan. Kedua pulau ini hingga sekarang memiliki peran yang signifikan bagi aktivitas pelayaran dan perdagangan di Indonesia. Aktivitas perdagangan masa lalu tersaji dengan sangat baik di situs-situs arkeologi bawah air di perairan kedua pulau tersebut. Namun, aktivitas penjarahan juga terus terjadi pada situs-situs arkeologi bawah air sehingga memunculkan diskusi mengenai perlunyadikembangkan model pelestarian yang aman untuk situs arkeologi bawah air di Kepulauan Riau agar masyarakat dapat menerima manfaatnya. ABSTRACTRiau Archipelago is one of the gates for international merchant going into Nusantara waters. This archipelago has a long maritime history, andglobal trade activities were recorded in this area in the sites of shipwreck and its cargos. Shipwrecksarearchaelogical direct evidence to reconstruct the seafaring activities. From shipwrecks we will be able to learnabout the technology of ship structure, ship navigationin the sea trading routes, cultural interaction, and the type of commodities specifically marketed in Nusantara. Malay empireswere growing rapidly corresponding to the increasing trade activities in the South China Sea and Malaka Strait. Archaeological data show that Indian, Arabian, Persian, Chinese and even Europeantraders have visited the Riau Islands for trading. Experts suggested that the waters of the South China Sea to the Malaka Straitwereno less crowded from the mediterranean waters. This is reflected in the underwater archaeological sites located in the waters of Natuna Island and Bintan Island. Both islands played a significant role in shipping and trading activities in the past. Past trading activities were presented very well in underwater archaeological sites of the two islands. However, lootingis also occuringin thesites which triggered discussions on the need to develop asecure preservation model for underwater archaeological sites in Riau Islands for...

How Does Language and Culture Form One Unique National Identity? A Case Study of Renaming the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Since 2016

“…Since the Srivijaya era, Natuna has served as an important international trade hub. Archaeological remains, especially ceramics, are historical evidence that reinforces the previous opinion (Adhityatama & Sulistyarto 2018;Dillenia & Troa 2016;Wibisono 2014). Interestingly, the trade activity by the Chinese government is used as a narrative that explains China's presence in the region and proves China's control in the South China Sea (Wang 2015).…”

“…From the Indonesian side, archaeological evidence such as ceramics shows Natuna's trade activities with the outside world, such as Europe, China, and India (Adhityatama & Sulistyarto 2018). For example, this argument can be based on the results of historical analyses conducted by Antony Reid (1988) and Manguin (1993), which show the central role of trade activities in the region's development.…”

Analysis of Water Quality in Historical Shipwreck Sites to Support the Development of Marine Ecotourism in the Thousand Islands

“…2). Examples include the beauty of shipwrecks in the Natuna Sea Island waters, one of which is known as the Tea Ship Site in Karang Panjang Waters, Natuna [9][10][11]. The Djadayay ship, which is a legacy from Soekarno, has become one of the diving spots in Natuna Waters [10] as well as the popular Liberty shipwreck at Tulamben in Bali [11].…”

Pirates and Environmental Conservation Around Malacca Strait

“…In 1511, Malacca fell into Portuguese hands. [17] Commodities traded in Malacca consist of ceramics, textiles, precious stones, and spices had succeeded in capturing the world's attention [18]. Tumasik which is located at the tip of the Malay Peninsula made it a strategic place in the trade and sea lane traffic.…”