Calcium carbonate phase transformations during the carbonation reaction of calcium heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate overbased nanodetergents preparation

Chen, Zhaocong; Xiao, Shan; Chen, Feng; Chen, Dongzhong; Fang, Jing; Zhao, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.086

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…1, the AOBCS has the characteristic peaks of ACC, namely a split m 3 peak at 1494 and 1460 cm -1 , a m 2 peak at 863 cm -1 , a weak m 4 peak at 722 cm -1 , and a m 1 peak at 1045 cm -1 . After the transformation, the spectrum is composed entirely of calcite, based on the presence of a single m 3 peak at 1410 cm -1 , a sharp m 2 peak at 882 cm -1 , the m 4 peak at 710 cm -1 , and no detectable m 1 peak [16][17][18]. This result demonstrates the changes in the transformation from ACC to calcite.…”

Section: Ftir Testmentioning

confidence: 79%

Tribological Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Overbased Calcium Sulfonate as Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

et al. 2011

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The aim of this study was to examine the tribological behavior of amorphous overbased calcium sulfonate (AOBCS) and crystalline overbased calcium sulfonate (COBCS, transformed from the AOBCS) as additives in lithium complex grease. The transformation product of the calcium carbonate polymorph from AOBCS was calcite, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tribological properties were evaluated by an oscillating reciprocating friction and wear tester and a fourball tester. The results showed that the addition of COBCS can dramatically improve both the antiwear performance and the friction-reducing and load-carrying properties of the base grease. However, improvement of the tribological properties of the base grease by AOBCS was highly dependent on the concentrations added and the loads applied. The tribological properties of the base grease were improved more by the addition of COBCS than by the addition of AOBCS. X-ray photoelectron energy spectrometry and thermogravimetric analysis revealed that both AOBCS and COBCS underwent complicated tribochemical reactions in the base grease and that chemically reactive films consisting of CaCO 3 , CaO, iron oxide and organic compounds were formed on the worn surfaces. Taken together with the results of the tribo-tests, we suggest that transformation of the calcium carbonate polymorphs was the main factor in improving the tribological properties of lithium complex grease. The transformation of calcium carbonate polymorphs can broaden the application of AOBCS as an extreme pressure/antiwear additive in greases under boundary lubrication conditions.

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Section: Ftir Testmentioning

confidence: 79%

Tribological Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Overbased Calcium Sulfonate as Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

et al. 2011

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“…5 The weight loss was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA; STA 409 PC). 20 Photographs of the contact angle were recorded using a high-speed CCD camera attached to an Olympus U-TV0-5xC-3 microscope. 30 Additionally, the contact angles were measured using DataPhysics SCA20 contact angle measurement software (version 3.12.11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Calcium Benzene Sulfonate Detergents by a Microdispersion Process

Wang

et al. 2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This study presents a novel technique for the controllable preparation of calcium benzene sulfonate [Ca(Ar–SO3)2] detergents using a microdispersion process. Neutralization and carbonation were conducted in an oil-in-water system instead of the typical water-in-oil system. n-Butanol was employed as the oil phase for the in situ formation of the hydrophobic cores of the detergents. The mechanism of synthesis in different bulk phases was investigated. Microreactors were used to enhance the mixing performance and mass transfer. Low-cost Ca(OH)2 and dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (Ar–SO3H) were supplied as the reactants. An efficient synthesis with a high utilization ratio of CO2 and a high product yield was achieved. CaCO3 nanoparticles with average sizes from 8 to 20 nm were used as detergent cores, and Ca(Ar–SO3)2 detergents with total base numbers (TBNs) ranging from 300 to 420 mg of KOH/g were successfully prepared.

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“…13,14 The preparation of CaCO 3 nanodetergent is usually achieved with a W/O microemulsion route, which mainly consists of neutralization and carbonation processes. 15,16 In general, the two steps are performed in lubricating base oil, which is the main phase of the system. 17,18 The neutralization process is to make calcium sulfonate as oil-soluble surfactant in situ through the reaction of the corresponding organic acid with Ca(OH) 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of CaCO 3 nanodetergent is usually achieved with a W/O microemulsion route, which mainly consists of neutralization and carbonation processes . In general, the two steps are performed in lubricating base oil, which is the main phase of the system .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of transparent oil dispersion of monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles with high concentration

Kang

Zeng

et al. 2017

AIChE Journal

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The preparation of monodispersed inorganic nanoparticles is of great interest for many applications. In this article, transparent oil dispersion of monodispersed amorphous CaCO3 nanoparticles with high concentration and long‐term stability were controllably prepared by a reverse microemulsion method. The effects of the addition amount of extra minute water and (NH4)2CO3 as novel assistant promoter, reaction temperature, Ca(OH)2/CaO mole ratio were explored. The optimum synthesis conditions were achieved. The as‐prepared transparent oil nanodispersion had a good monodispersity, a uniform particle size of 8–10 nm, a high stability of over 12 months, a high solid content of 38 wt% (Ca content of about 15.5 wt%) and a high total base number of 416 mgKOH/g. The preparation process was further investigated by polarized optical microscope and Fourier transform infrared. This nanodispersion will find a promising applicability as an excellent nanodetergent in the fields of automobile and marine lubricants. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3663–3669, 2017

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Calcium carbonate phase transformations during the carbonation reaction of calcium heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate overbased nanodetergents preparation

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Tribological Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Overbased Calcium Sulfonate as Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

Tribological Behavior of Amorphous and Crystalline Overbased Calcium Sulfonate as Additives in Lithium Complex Grease

Preparation of Calcium Benzene Sulfonate Detergents by a Microdispersion Process

Synthesis of transparent oil dispersion of monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles with high concentration

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