2020
DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110058
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Can volcanic trace elements facilitate Covid-19 diffusion? A hypothesis stemming from the Mount Etna area, Sicily

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Cited by 10 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Italian researchers reported relatively high Covid 19 infection rates on Sicily east of volcanic Mt. Etna (which have been active for much of 2020 and early 2021) and hypothesized that toxic gases and trace metals may play some role in promoting Covid 19 (Raciti and Calabrò 2020 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Italian researchers reported relatively high Covid 19 infection rates on Sicily east of volcanic Mt. Etna (which have been active for much of 2020 and early 2021) and hypothesized that toxic gases and trace metals may play some role in promoting Covid 19 (Raciti and Calabrò 2020 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many parameters and body conditions may affect the entrance and pathogenicity of coronavirus in the human body. Also, environmental circumstances may have affected the trace elements level in the body; for example, heavy metals and volcanic gases and trace elements present in the air pollution along with specific climate conditions and regional topography may be involved in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic [60]. One major parameter is electrolyte balance and sufficient intake of minerals and vitamins because they affect the immune system.…”
Section: Coppermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the contributions of trace elements to the immune system are observed both to regulate the number and function of innate immune cells (natural killer cells (NKCs), macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils) and to assist the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in responses to inflammation (adaptive immunity) [10] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] . In this sense, many studies have reported changes in metals levels in the host’s biological system during viral infections [2] , [5] , [6] , [17] , [30] , [32] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] . The following sections explore the consequences of some micronutrient deficiencies and the potential effects of their supplementations against COVID-19 infection.…”
Section: Complex Interaction Between Trace Elements and Viral Infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%