“…We regarded Tonelli’s thesis to be of such importance that we took the unusual step of commissioning not one, but rather 11 commentaries on this author’s reasoning, from a wide range of scholarly sources, spanning a large range of disciplines, both within, and applied to, Medicine, and it is this most important set of articles which follows Tonelli’s piece. The commentaries by Djulbegovic (2006), Miettinen (2006), Porta (2006), Lipman (2006), Tanenbaum (2006), Couto (2006), Upshur (2006), Loughlin (2006a), Malterud (2006), Gupta (2006) and Geanellos & Wilson (2006), make fascinating reading and to exercise editorial comment here on these editorially commissioned commentaries would be superfluous. Instead, we are content to advance these articles as essential reading in conjunction with Tonelli’s work (Tonelli 2006) and we remain excited by the way in which they have substantially developed the primary insights which Tonelli records, each commentary providing considerable scholarship in its own right.…”