“…CO 2 emissions are renowned for their influence on environmental deterioration in the form of pollution, despite the fact that various other forms of emissions also exist. Globalization (GLO), economic growth (GDP), renewable energy consumption (REC), technological innovation (TI), financial development (FD), and human capital (HC) have all been linked with CO 2 emissions (Ahmed and Le 2021 ; Alola et al 2021 ; Bekun et al 2021 ; Li et al 2021a , b , c ; Li, Zhang, Zhang, Wu, and Zhu et al 2021c ; Lin et al 2021 ; Miao et al 2018 ; Ozturk and Acaravci 2016 ). In this regard, it is crucial to acknowledge the climate change problem; otherwise, the associated risks and hazards, which are projected to rise in future years, will have devastating implications for human health and safety.…”