Capillary electrochromatography: A review

Theory and Practice of UHPLC and UHPLC–MS

“…The only exception is the requirement of particular properties of the SP, that in CEC has to assure an electroosmotic flow (EOF) (Svec, 2002). Theoretical considerations about this technique are out of the aim of this chapter, but they can be found in several reviews (Robson et al, 1997;Rathore, 2002;Rocco et al, 2013a;D'Orazio et al, 2016a). However, procedures developed to obtain capillary columns in CEC can be adopted for CLC/nano-LC and vice versa, and for this reason it is possible to consider the parallel evolution of these miniaturized techniques, at least regarding the separation medium.…”

“…SPs with a 3e5 mm particle diameter are mostly employed. More recently, particles of smaller size (1.1e1.8 mm), developed to obtain higher efficiency and selectivity, and specific for ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), have been also utilized in nano-LC and CEC (Robson et al, 1997;Blue and Jorgenson, 2015). In this last technique, the use of an EOF as the driving force avoids the occurrence of high back pressure, even when very small particles are employed (Svec, 2002).…”

From liquid chromatography to electrokinetic chromatography (in French)

“…Citons enfin les travaux de Tsuda [7] montrant l'utilisation d'une colonne capillaire de 10 micromètres de diamètre interne (phase stationnaire déposée sur la paroi du tube) réalisant la sépara-tion d'espèces chargées par électrochromatographie, sépara-tion ne pouvant être effectuée avec la même colonne ni en Électrophorèse Capillaire de Zone traditionnelle (différences de mobilités apparentes insuffisantes pour permettre la sépa-ration), ni en LC « classique » (sélectivité du couple « phase mobile/phase stationnaire » insuffisante pour permettre la séparation). Un article récemment publié dans J. of Microcolumn Separations [8] résume les différentes possibilités de cette technique.…”

Investigation of poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-vinylsulfonic acid) as retentive and electroosmotic flow generating phase in open-tubular electrochromatography

“…This separation technique combines the high selectivity of HPLC with the high separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis. In this technique, the separation of the solutes will be the result of partitioning between the stationary phase and the mobile phase which can be superimposed by electrophoresis in case of charged solutes [1][2][3][4][5]. The high efficiencies are achieved by the pluglike flow profile of electrodriven techniques, which causes less band broadening compared to pressure driven techniques.…”

“…Separation of parabens and acidic compounds at a wide pH range (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) were obtained and after optimizing the polymerization conditions, a maximum efficiency of 8.800 (VSA) and 16.400 plates (VBSA) for 20 cm columns (effective length) was observed [33,34] pretreated capillary (to functionalize the wall) with a mixture of the monomers and ethanol as solvent. The polymerization will thereby preferentially take place at the non polar wall instead of in the polar solvent, resulting in the formation of a porous polymer layer at the capillary wall with a vacant center.…”