RNA extracted from normal liver of inbred rats was added to in vivo syngeneic peripheral leukocyte cultures enclosed within diffusion chambers, either 10 min after or 95 min before PHA. An increase in blastogenesis and DNA synthesis was observed, the highest values being obtained in 72-hour cultures when RNA waadded after PHA. Similar results were seen with RNA pretreated with RNAse, that is, with 2S fragments. In the absence of PHA, RNA had no blastogenic effect but caused a marked increase in mononuclear phagocyticcells, which could be inhibited by RNAse pretreatment