Cementum and Periodontal Ligament–like Tissue Formation Induced Using Bioengineered Dentin

Abstract

Stem cell-mediated root regeneration offers opportunities to regenerate a bio-root and its associated periodontal tissues to restore tooth loss. Periodontal ligament (PDL) and cementum complex and dentin pulp complex have been tissue engineered using human dental pulp stem cells and PDL stem cells, respectively. The aim of this study was to explore whether dentin formation could be induced using an inductive substrate and whether bioengineered dentin could induce cementum and PDL formation. First, dentin was bioengineered from tooth papillae of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with an inductive substrate, and its phenotype was characterized; then primarily cultured human PDL cells were seeded on the surface of dentin and transplanted under the skin of immunocompromised mice. Histological, immunohistochemical, and scanning electronic microscopy examinations results showed that bioengineered dentin could induce cementogenesis and PDL formation, and condense PDL arranged perpendicularly on the dentin surface via a layer of cementum-like tissue. The results indicated that tissue-engineered dentin could be induced using an inductive substrate and could be used as a further substrate for cementum and PDL tissue engineering.

Three-Dimensional Printed Multiphase Scaffolds for Regeneration of Periodontium Complex

“…Despite textbook definition as separate anatomical entities, tooth root and the periodontium is functionally a single unit. [1][2][3] Approximately 64% of the U.S. population has lost at least one permanent tooth due to dental caries, periodontal disease, trauma, or genetic disorders. [4][5][6][7] The field of tooth regeneration has grown robustly.…”

Effects of low-level laser irradiation on proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells seeded on a three-dimensional biomatrix: in vitro pilot study

“…In this context, a potential tissueengineering approach to periodontal and bone regeneration involves the incorporation of progenitor cells and instructive messages in a prefabricated three-dimensional construct and subsequent implantation of the construct into the defect site [37]. Several studies have shown that autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can regenerate alveolar bone and periodontal ligament-like structures after transplantation in vivo [9,41,42]. The use of LLLI on these biomaterials before transplantation could lead to a faster and greater regeneration.…”

Whole-organ engineering with natural extracellular materials

“…Bioengineering strategies have targeted tooth regeneration using various combinations of scaffolds, growth factors and cells [81][82][83][84]. Approaches using tissue recombinations, and pelleting cells in a scaffold-free environment, are also popular strategies for whole-tooth engineering [85,86].…”

“…In order for these approaches to achieve clinical status, what remains to be understood and perfected is how best to maintain the spatial organization of the dental epithelial and dental mesenchymal tissues, to guide not only the shape and size of a tooth and surrounding alveolar bone, but also to achieve proper compartmentalization of individual tissue types [92]. For instance, studies have observed ectopic alveolar bone growth within dental tissues [81,96]. Likewise, the ECM components associated with functional tooth-root formation and for functional tooth eruption are critical to our understanding.…”