Changes in Host-Seeking Behavior of Puerto Rican Aedes aegypti After Colonization

Clark, Gary G.; Bernier, Ulrich R.; Allan, Sandra A.; Kline, Daniel L.; Golden, Frances V.

doi:10.1603/me10207

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Females with the w Mel and w AlbB strains should therefore not be at a disadvantage in terms of host-seeking if released into the field. Although a study with a Puerto Rican A. aegypti population indicated that laboratory maintenance altered attraction to human odors, 45 no significant differences were found in overall host-seeking between laboratory and field populations in our semi-field experiments. Therefore, our laboratory maintenance protocol 46 should not lead to compromised host-seeking ability in the field, though other factors that can coincide with laboratory maintenance such as inbreeding may reduce fitness.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…To test the method we compared mosquitoes with the w Mel and w AlbB Wolbachia strains, which are now being released into the field in disease control programs, 17 (Nazni et al, unpublished data) against uninfected counterparts. To evaluate whether laboratory adaptation could affect host-seeking as demonstrated in laboratory experiments previously, 45 we also compared a laboratory population to a population collected recently from the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the host-seeking ability of Aedes aegypti destined for field release

Lau

Endersby‐Harshman

Axford

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Host-seeking is an essential process in mosquito reproduction. Field releases of modified mosquitoes for population transformation rely on successful host-seeking by female mosquitoes, but host-seeking ability is rarely tested in a realistic context. We tested the host-seeking ability of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using a semi-field system. Females with different Wolbachia infection types (wMel-, wAlbB-infected and uninfected) or from different origins (laboratory and field) were released at one end of a semi-field cage and recaptured as they landed on human experimenters fifteen meters away. Mosquitoes from each population were then identified with molecular tools or through marking with a consistent weight of fluorescent powder. Wolbachia-infected and uninfected populations had similar average durations to landing and overall recapture proportions, as did laboratory and field-sourced A. aegypti. These results suggest that the host-seeking ability of mosquitoes is not negatively affected by Wolbachia infection or long-term laboratory maintenance. This method provides an approach to study the host-seeking ability of mosquitoes across a long distance which will be useful when evaluating strains of mosquitoes that are planned for releases into the field to suppress arbovirus transmission. An adjustment of this method may also be useful in sterile insect release programs because male host-seeking and swarming around female feeding sites can also be investigated.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the host-seeking ability of Aedes aegypti destined for field release

Lau

Endersby‐Harshman

Axford

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Though field tests cannot feasibly control temperature and humidity as is done in laboratory work, a tracking system that produces such high quality information in a natural field setting has many advantages; studies can be carried out on wild rather than colonised populations, minimising the influence of behavioural changes resulting from genetic bottlenecks or unknown selection pressures that might occur during colonisation and the problems associated with laboratory studies of behavioural responses to insecticides can be overcome, e.g. laboratory data are not always consistent with field data [24, 25] and colonisation can result in altered host responses [26, 27] or changes in mosquito responses to insecticides [28–32]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host-seeking activity of a Tanzanian population of Anopheles arabiensis at an insecticide treated bed net

Parker

Jaimes

Gleave

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundUnderstanding how mosquitoes respond to long lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) is fundamental to sustaining the effectiveness of this essential control tool. We report on studies with a tracking system to investigate behaviour of wild anophelines at an LLIN, in an experimental hut at a rural site in Mwanza, Tanzania.MethodsGroups of adult female mosquitoes (n = 10 per replicate) reared from larvae of a local population, identified as predominantly (95%) Anopheles arabiensis, were released in the hut. An infrared video tracking system recorded flight and net contact activity over 1 h as the mosquitoes attempted to reach a supine human volunteer within a bed net (either a deltamethrin-treated LLIN or an untreated control net). A range of activities, including flight path, position in relation to the bed net and duration of net contact, were quantified and compared between treatments.ResultsThe total time that female An. arabiensis spent in flight around LLINs was significantly lower than at untreated nets [F(1,10) = 9.26, p = 0.012], primarily due to a substantial reduction in the time mosquitoes spent in persistent ‘bouncing’ flight [F(1,10) = 18.48, p = 0.002]. Most activity occurred at the net roof but significantly less so with LLINs (56.8% of total) than untreated nets [85.0%; Χ2 (15) = 234.69, p < 0.001]. Activity levels at the bed net directly above the host torso were significantly higher with untreated nets (74.2%) than LLINs [38.4%; Χ2 (15) = 33.54, p = 0.004]. ‘Visiting’ and ‘bouncing’ rates were highest above the volunteer’s chest in untreated nets (39.9 and 50.4%, respectively) and LLINs [29.9 and 42.4%; Χ2 (13) = 89.91, p < 0.001; Χ2 (9) = 45.73, p < 0.001]. Highest resting rates were above the torso in untreated nets [77%; Χ2 (9) = 63.12, p < 0.001], but in LLINs only 33.2% of resting occurred here [Χ2 (9) = 27.59, p = 0.001], with resting times spread between the short vertical side of the net adjacent to the volunteer’s head (21.8%) and feet (16.2%). Duration of net contact by a single mosquito was estimated at 204–290 s on untreated nets and 46–82 s on LLINs. While latency to net contact was similar in both treatments, the reduction in activity over 60 min was significantly more rapid for LLINs [F(1,10) = 6.81, p = 0.026], reiterating an ‘attract and kill’ rather than a repellent mode of action.ConclusionsThe study has demonstrated the potential for detailed investigations of behaviour of wild mosquito populations under field conditions. The results validate the findings of earlier laboratory studies on mosquito activity at LLINs, and reinforce the key role of multiple brief contacts at the net roof as the critical LLIN mode of action.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1909-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…f. molestus population, this seems unlikely. Laboratory rearing of mosquitoes appears to increase behavioral plasticity rather than diminish it [52]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily blood feeding rhythms of laboratory-reared North American Culex pipiens

Fritz

Walker

Yunker

et al. 2014

J Circadian Rhythms

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BackgroundBlood feeding by free-living insect vectors of disease is rhythmic and can be used to predict when infectious bites will occur. These daily rhythms can also be targeted by control measures, as in insecticide-treated nets. Culex pipiens form pipiens and C.p. f. molestus are two members of the Culex pipiens assemblage and vectors of West Nile Virus throughout North America. Although Culex species vector human pathogens and parasites, the daily blood feeding rhythms of C.p. f. molestus, to our knowledge, have not been studied. We described and compared the daily blood feeding rhythms of three laboratory-reared populations of Culex pipiens, one of which has confirmed molestus ancestry. We also examined the plasticity of blood feeding time for these three populations.ResultsFor most (>70%) C.p. f. pipiens and C.p. f. molestus collected from metropolitan Chicago, IL, blood feeding took place during scotophase. Peak blood feeding occurred in mid-scotophase, 3-6 hours after lights off. For C.p. f. pipiens originating from Pennsylvania, most mosquitoes (> 90%) blood fed during late photophase and early scotophase. C.p. f. molestus denied a blood meal during scotophase were less likely to blood feed during early photophase (< 20%) than were C.p. f. pipiens from Chicago (> 50%). C.p. f. pipiens from Pennsylvania were capable of feeding readily at any hour of photo- or scotophase.ConclusionsDaily blood feeding rhythms of C.p. f. molestus are similar to those of C.p. f. pipiens, particularly when populations originate from the same geographic region. However, the timing of blood feeding is more flexible for C.p. f. pipiens populations relative to C.p. f. molestus.

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Changes in Host-Seeking Behavior of Puerto Rican Aedes aegypti After Colonization

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Measuring the host-seeking ability of Aedes aegypti destined for field release

Measuring the host-seeking ability of Aedes aegypti destined for field release

Host-seeking activity of a Tanzanian population of Anopheles arabiensis at an insecticide treated bed net

Daily blood feeding rhythms of laboratory-reared North American Culex pipiens

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