Changes in Interleukin-6 Concentration in Peripheral Blood of Pre- and Post-Partum Dairy Cattle and Its Relationship to Postpartum Reproductive Diseases

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Reproductive diseases after parturition are a serious problem in dairy cattle. It is important to predict postpartum reproducti ve diseases early and to develop prophylaxis. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate changes in the peripheral blood con centration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) before parturition, which was mainly produced by T helper 2 type (Th2) cells, and to investigate a correlation between the IL-6 concentration and the occurrence of the postpartum retained placenta, endometritis and/or follicular cyst in da iry cattle. Twenty-seven Holstein-Friesian cows were used for this study. Thirteen had no clinical disease, 8 had retained placenta, 4 were diagnosed with endometritis by vaginal inspection, and 2 were diagnosed with follicular cyst by rectal palpation at 1 and 2 months a fter parturition. Blood samples were collected 60 days pre-and post-partum. They used for IL-6, progesterone (P 4 ) and estradiol-17β (E 2 ) concentration determination. This study showed that the IL-6 concentration prepartum was higher than postpartum. Low levels of IL-6 and P 4 in peripheral blood prepartum tended to affect retained placenta and a high level of IL-6 prepartum tended to affect endometrit is. These results indicate that measurement of change in the IL-6 concentration during pregnancy is one useful tool for predicting crisis in postpartum reproductive diseases in dairy cattle. KEY WORDS: cattle, endometritis, interleukin-6, pregnant, retained placenta.

Biomarkers of ketosis in dairy cows at postparturient period: acute phase proteins and pro-inflammatory cytokines

“…Higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) induces inflammation in humans (ZHANG et al, 2006;YAQOOB and CALDER, 2007) and animals (DYK et al, 1995;SORDILLO et al, 2009) with the subsequent release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukins, TNF-α, IFN-γ; KUSHIBIKI, 2011) from macrophages (KOJ, 1998) and other tissues, particularly the liver (BERTONI and TREVISI, 2013). These cytokines act as biomarkers of postpartum reproductive disorders (ISHIKAWA et al, 2004;ISLAM et al, 2013a;ISLAM et al, 2013b). Plasma interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) were positively correlated with the severity of the inflammation, worse health status and low milk production in the early lactation period (TREVISI et al, 2012;TREVISI et al, 2015).…”

Salmonella enterica serovar Stanley intrauterine infection in a stillborn calf - case report

“…The IgG exceeded twice the upper level of immunoglobulins in healthy precolostral calves (Sawyer et al 1973). It is difficult to interpret the IL-6 concentrations in the calf's serum and amniotic fluid, due to the lack of references in cattle, but the concentration in the dam's serum seems normal for this period (Ishikawa et al 2004).…”

How to Improve Reproductive Efficacy from Now in Japan? Find out the Factors of Late Lactation to Predict Postpartum Reproductive Diseases

“…We think that it is especially important for elimination of the fetal membrane and phylaxis after parturition to shift from T-helper 2-type (Th2) cell dominance to T-helper 1-type (Th1) cell dominance of T-helper cells in the intrauterine immune system around parturition. Ishikawa et al [17] and Nakada et al [18] demonstrated the changes in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG1, IgG2) are important parameters of immunological function in dairy cattle. IL-6 is a cytokine mainly secreted by Th2 cells, immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 secretion from B cells is stimulated by activated Th2 cells, and IgG2 secretion from B cells is stimulated by activated Th1 cells [19].…”

“…IL-6 is a cytokine mainly secreted by Th2 cells, immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 secretion from B cells is stimulated by activated Th2 cells, and IgG2 secretion from B cells is stimulated by activated Th1 cells [19]. The peripheral concentrations of IL-6 before calving were higher than those after calving in dairy cattle [17]. Moreover, from 60 days before calving to calving the concentration of IgG1 decreases, while the concentration of IgG2 increases [18].…”

“…There are many reports that nutritional status and immune function during the dry period c o r r e l a t e w i t h o c c u r r e n c e o f p o s t p a r t u m reproductive disorders or fertility in dairy cows [17,18,29,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have shown that reproductive disorders are associated with postpartum metabolic diseases [41,44,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53].…”