Characterization and induction of cementoblast cell proliferation by bioactive glass nanoparticles

Abstract

Cementum is a mineralized tissue that lines the surface of the tooth root enabling attachment of the periodontal ligament to the root and surrounding alveolar bone. Studies examining the mechanisms involved in the formation of root cementum have been hindered by an inability to isolate and culture the cells required for cementum production (cementoblasts). This study isolated and characterized cementoblast cells derived from rat molar periodontal ligament. It was observed that the isolated cells expressed F-Spondin, a cementoblast marker, while F-Spondin expression was not observed in the cells of other tissues such as gingival fibroblasts and osteoblasts. As expected, the isolated cementoblast cells also expressed osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type I collagen, demonstrating the presence of mineralized tissues genes in cementoblast cells. These cells showed high ALP activity and calcified nodule formation in vitro. Since cementogenesis could be a critical event for regeneration of periodontal tissues, this study investigated whether bioactive glass particles could affect the proliferation of cementoblasts since they are known to enhance osteoblast proliferation. It was found that the ionic products from bioactive glass nanoparticles increased cementoblast viability, mitochondrial activity, and induced cell proliferation. Together, these results show the characterization of cementoblast cells from rat molar periodontal ligament. Additionally, it was shown that bioactive glass nanoparticles induced cementoblast to proliferate, indicating that they could be a potential material for use in cement regeneration through tissue engineering.

Versatile fabrication of nanoscale sol–gel bioactive glass particles for efficient bone tissue regeneration

“…16 Another study showed that bioactive glass nanoparticles could induce cementoblast proliferation. 15 In our study, NBGs with different sizes support the attachment and proliferation of hMSCs, which demonstrated the cellular biocompatibility of nanoscale BG particles.…”

Tri‐Layered Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffold for the Concurrent Regeneration of Cementum, Periodontal Ligament, and Alveolar Bone

“…A nearly complete mineralized matrix on the scaffold surfaces was observed on day 21 (Figure C,D). The presence of nBGC in the scaffolds is believed to trigger hDFC biomineralization wherein uniform and completely mineralized matrices were formed . The calcium/phosphate ratio of mineralized chitin–PLGA/nBGC and chitin–PLGA/nBGC/CEMP1 was 1.48 and 1.44 on day 21 as determined by EDS.…”

Bioactive glass-based nanocomposites for personalized dental tissue regeneration

“…According to the revealed results, cytotoxicity could be dependent on the cell type and the ratio of cell number to nanoparticle concentration. Toxicity of BGNs in dental tissue-derived cells such as dental pulp stem cells, odontoblasts, periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and gingival fibroblasts was not detected in the low concentration (≤100 μg/mL) and the in vivo study [99][100][101][102] including several clinical cases 5,13,69,74) . However, further detailed researches of BGNs including the long-term study are needed for their safe use 9,13,14) .…”