In this study, a flexible and stable
pH sensor based on aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanosheets (Al-doped
ZnO NSs) was developed by a low-cost hydrothermal method. The results
obtained from this study indicated that Al ions could be doped successfully
into the ZnO nanostructure, which could change the morphology and
improve the pH-sensing properties. The pH sensitivity of Al-doped
ZnO nanosheets reached 50.2 mV/pH with a correlation coefficient of
around 0.99468 when compared with that of ZnO film (34.13 mV/pH) and
pure ZnO nanowires (45.89 mV/pH). The test range of pH values was
widened by Al-doping, and the Al-doped ZnO NS sensor could detect
the pH value ranging from 2 to 12. It was observed that in a more
acidic environment, especially at pH 2, the sensor, Al-doped ZnO nanosheet,
was strongly stable over 12 weeks of testing. It was noted that the
response time was utterly fast and the response time of the sensors
for each pH standard buffer solutions was around 0.3 s. Thus, the
response time and performance were quite stable. The microchannel
provided a novel testing method for the pH sensor, where the liquid
to be tested was just 5 mL. Hence, it was suggested to be useful for
many medical diagnoses and treatments. The benefits of Al-doped ZnO
nanosheet pH sensor were high sensitivity, good long-term usage, good
flexible property, and requirement of a small amount of test liquid,
which could make the sensors viable candidates for practical applications.