Characterization by mass spectrometry of blood group A active glycolipids from human and dog small intestine

Abstract

Glycolipids with blood group A activity isolated from human and dog small intestine have been characterized by mass spectrometry of intact lipid in methylated and in methylated and reduced (LiAiH4) form. Without degradative studies the glycolipids were conclusively shown to be hexaglycosyleramides with phytosphingosine as the major long-chain base and hydroxypalmitic acid as the major fatty acid. The exact sugar ratio was hexose-hexosamine-deoxyhexose 3:2:1 and the sequence established as hexosamine-[deoxyhexose-]hexose-hexosamine-hexose-hexose-ceramide. Evidence is presented that mass spectrometry can differential between type ) and type 2 saccharide chains.

A comparison ofHelicobacter pyloriand non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacterspp. Binding to Canine Gastric Mucosa with Defined Gastric Glycophenotype

“…The pattern of Lewis antigen expression observed in canine gastric mucosa is in agreement with a previous study which reported a prominent representation of type 2 chains in dog intestinal secretions .…”

Developmental changes in glycolipids and synchronized expression of nutrient transporters in the mouse small intestine

“…Throughout this period, both HexCer and asialo GM1 from the small intestine migrated more slowly on a TLC plate than the GalCer and asialo GM1 standards, which were prepared from bovine brain. This has been observed previously in adult mice [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], in which the GSLs in the small intestine were composed of phytosphingosine and α-hydroxy fatty acid, a characteristic ceramide moiety with two additional hydroxyl groups from the early neonatal period. Concerning the acidic GSLs, up to 2 weeks after birth, GM1 and GM3 were the major gangliosides, as confirmed by TLC immunostaining (Fig.…”

“…In contrast, carbohydrate headgroups of GSLs are variable among species. In humans, the small intestine contains sulfatide as a major acidic GSL, with HexCer and CTH as major neutral GSLs [21,25]. In monkeys, GM3, GM2 and GD1a are the principal gangliosides, and CDH is a major neutral GSL [26].…”

“…The distribution of each GSL is unique, depending on tissues, cells and developmental stages [15,16]. In particular, small intestinal epithelial cells have a characteristic hydrophilic ceramide moiety that is composed of phytosphingosine (which carries an additional hydroxyl group at the C-4 position of the sphingoid base) and α-hydroxy fatty acid [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Phytoceramide production is catalyzed by DES2, which is expressed most abundantly in small intestinal epithelial cells [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Structure determination of blood group type glycolipids of cat small intestine by mass fragmentography

“…In the later part of the evaporation curve there appeared fragments that are specific for blood-group A-like glycolipids as discussed before [8,9]. Figure 2 contains profiles for terminal saccharides (C,E,H) and also for m/e 182 (D), specific for a type 2 saccharide chain, see formula at the bottom of fig.2.…”