Characterization of novel bovine papillomavirus type 12 (BPV-12) causing epithelial papilloma

Abstract

Bovine papillomavirus type 12 (BPV-12, putative type BAA1) was detected in epithelial papilloma located on the tongue of an infected cow. Then, the whole genome was sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis illustrated that it should be classified as a member of the genus Xipapillomavirus. The viral genome is 7197 base pairs in length and contains five early ORFs (E1, E2, E4, E7 and E8), three late ORFs (L1, L2 and L3), and a long control region that possesses replication regulatory elements. Meanwhile, mRNA of each gene was detected in the papilloma sample. The papilloma was identified as epithelial papilloma by histological and immunohistochemical examination. Based on the genome information and pathological properties, BAA1 was designated as BPV-12 in this study.

Phylogenetic classification and clinical aspects of a new putative Deltapapillomavirus associated with skin lesions in cattle

“…It has been attributed to the ability of bovine Deltapapillomavirus to infect different host species, causing the equine sarcoid (Nasir and Reid, 1999;Campo, 2008, Lunardi et al, 2013a). A greater number of BPV types (-3, -4, -6, -9, -10, -11, and -12) belong to the Xipapillomavirus genus, and are considered exclusively epitheliotropic viruses, inducing the formation of the so-called "true papillomas" (Jarrett et al, 1984;Hatama et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012). In comparison, the BPVs -5 and -8 have the potential to induce fibropapillomas and true papillomas, being classified into a 3rd genus, the Epsilonpapillomavirus genus .…”

“…The use of PCR assays with degenerated primers, followed by sequencing, has facilitated the identification of several PV types in human and other animal hosts, including BPVs in bovines (Hatama et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012). The 13 described BPV types, as well as other new putative PVs, have been confirmed by molecular biological methods, based on the nucleotide sequence diversity of the L1 gene Claus et al, 2008;Hatama et al, 2011;Zhu et al, 2012).…”

Bovine papillomavirus: opening new trends for comparative pathology

“…In 2008, ten BPV types were recognized [9], but three new types have recently been proposed [10][11][12]. Bovine papillomavirus are grouped into three genera within the family Papillomaviridae: Deltapapillomavirus (BPV-1, BPV-2 and BPV-13), Xipapillomavirus (BPV-3, BPV-4, BPV-6, and BPV-9 to -12) and Epsilonpapillomavirus (BPV-5 and BPV-8), which show important inter-generic differences (e.g.…”

“…Xipapillomavirus lack the E6 gene) [13] (Figure 1). The classification of BPV-7 remains to be determined [14] and there are at least sixteen other virus strains under study, detected in samples from Brazil, Japan and Sweden, which await classification, as recently reviewed by Zhu and co-workers [11]. In cattle, infection with several different BPV types is associated with the development of cutaneous, udder and teat papillomas and fibropapillomas [15][16][17][18] and cancer of various organ systems.…”

Co-infection of bovine papillomavirus type-1 and -10 in teat warts of dairy cattle

“…These BPV-induced lesions are usually benign in nature and regress spontaneously but can progress to cancer under the impact of environmental co-factors. To date, 13 different types of BPVs have been identified worldwide and grouped into three genera: Xi papillomaviruses , Delta papillomaviruses (BPV-1, -2 and -13) and Epsilon papillomaviruses whose genomes seem to share similarities with both Xi and Delta papillomaviruses (De Villiers et al 2004;Ogawa et al 2007;Tomita et al 2007;Hatama et al 2008Hatama et al , 2011Zhu et al 2012;Lunardi et al 2013).…”