Characterization of Various Organic Waste Nanofillers Obtained From Oil Palm Ash

Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul; Mahayuni, A. R. Rus; Bhat, Irshad Ul Haq; Rudi, D.; Al-Mulali, Mohammed Zuhear; Abdullah, C. K.

doi:10.15376/biores.7.4.5771-5780

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The excellent mechanical properties, remarkable reinforcing capability, low density, thermal stability, and environmental benefits of cellulose have attracted scientists' interest in utilizing cellulosic fibers to develop environmentally friendly composite materials. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted on the isolation nanofibres from various cellulosic sources, such as oil palm biomass [3][4][5][6], wood pulp [7], kenaf [8,9], bamboo [10], flax [11,12], and rice straw [13]. Palm oil nations are generating largest amount of oil palm biomass in the form of empty fruits bunches and fruits shell, arising serious environmental impacts [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization as an effective chemo-mechanical process for the isolation of quality nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The cellulosic fiber was isolated from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using acid hydrolysis methods and, subsequently, homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer to produce NFC. The structural analysis and the crystallinity of the raw fiber and extracted cellulose were carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thermal stability were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, respectively. The FTIR results showed that lignin and hemicellulose were removed effectively from the extracted cellulose nanofibrils. XRD analysis revealed that the percentage of crystallinity was OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2014, 6 2612 increased from raw EFB to microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), but the decrease for NFC might due to a break down the hydrogen bond. The size of the NFC was determined within the 5 to 10 nm. The TGA analysis showed that the isolated NFC had high thermal stability. The finding of present study reveals that combination of sulphuric acid hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization could be an effective chemo-mechanical process to isolate cellulose nanofibers from cellulosic plant fiber for reinforced composite materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NCC exhibits straight crystalline rod-like shapes, and has relatively a lower aspect ratio with a typical diameter of 2-20 nm. The length varies between 100 and 500 nm [6,12]. The particles are highly crystalline and vary between 54% and 88% [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

et al. 2014

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“…With the anticipated higher fresh fruit bunch yields and increase in planted areas in the world expected to produce more than 295 million tonnes of wastes annually. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste are produced of 135 million tonnes annually [7]. Meanwhile, Indonesia produced 143 million tonnes of the oil palm biomass annually [8,9].…”

Section: Oil Palm Waste As Green Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose nanofibers were produced by hydrolyzing OPEFB with sulfuric acid Fahma et al [39] Microfibrillated celluloses from OPEFB Goh et al [100] Production defatted OPS nanoparticles Dungani et al [101] and Rosamah et al [102] Nanofibrillated from EFB using ultrasound assisted hydrolysis Rosazley et al [103] EFB nanocrystalline cellulose was isolated from OPEFB microcrystalline cellulose Rohaizu and Wanrosli [104] Nanocellulose from OPF using alkaline processes Mohaiyiddin et al [105] Production cellulose nanocrystals from OPF by hydrolysis treatment Saurabh et al [106] Isolation of cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm mesocarp fibers by acid hydrolysis and microfluidization Adriana et al [107] Production cellulose nanocrystals from OPF by chemo-mechanical treatment Nordin et al [38] Oil palm mesocarp fiber as a source for the production of cellulose nanocrystals Chieng et al [108] Nanofillers obtained from OPA Abdul Khalil et al [7] The utilization of OPA as a nanofiller for the development of polymer nanocomposites Bhat and Abdul Khalil [109] Nanocellulose was extracted from OPT fibers by a chemi-mechanical technique Surip et al [110] Cellulose nanocrystals were isolated from OPT using acid hydrolysis method and total chlorine free method Lamaming et al [111] Table 7. Events in the exploration of isolation nanocellulose from oil palm biomass with various methods and their related applications.…”

Section: Event Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomaterial from Oil Palm Waste: Properties, Characterization and Applications

Dungani¹,

Aditiawati²,

Aprilia³

et al. 2018

Palm Oil

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Oil palm are among the best known and most extensively cultivated plant families, especially Indonesia and Malaysia. Many common products and foods are derived from oil palm, its making them one of the most economically important plants. On the other hand, declining supply of raw materials from natural resources has motivated researchers to find alternatives to produce new materials from sustainable resources like oil palm. Oil palm waste is possibly an ideal source for cellulose-based natural fibers and particles. Generally, oil palm waste such as oil palm empty fruit bunches, oil palm trunk, oil palm shell and oil palm ash are good source of biomaterials. Lack of sufficient documentation of existing scientific information about the utilization of oil palm waste raw materials for biomaterial production is the driving force behind the this chapter. Incorporation of various types of biomaterial derived from oil palm waste resources as reinforcement in polymer matrices lead to the development of biocomposites products and this can be used in wide range of potential applications. Properties and characterization of biomaterial from oil palm waste will not only help to promote further study on nanomaterials derived from non-wood materials but also emphasize the importance of commercially exploit oil palm waste for sustainable products.

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“…In order to obtain high-quality POA with fine particle size, homogenous size distribution, and unique morphology, various preparation techniques have been used to synthesize ultrafine POA, including ball milling and grinding technique [10,11]. There has been an abundance of investigation dedicated to the production and characterization of nanoparticles due to their distinct characteristics, which are unavailable in conventional macroscopic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Palm Oil Ash Nanoparticles: Taguchi Optimization Method by Particle Size Distribution and Morphological Studies

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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The interest in the utilization of palm oil ash is high, mainly due to their renewable material, opportunity to enhance the properties and possibility to use in a wide range of applications. Palm oil ash is the by-product of the palm oil mill boilers and locally available in the form of micro-size particles. In this research, optimization of the milling process was designed using the Taguchi method to find the most influencing parameters for the preparation of palm oil ash (POA) nanoparticles using a ball milling technique. The experiment was applied using a L9 orthogonal array and signal to noise ratio to investigate the performance of parameters, which are milling time, milling speed, and balls size. The results from signal to noise ratio reveal that to produce POA nanoparticles in optimum parameters, the size of balls shows the highest significant effect on the production of POA nanoparticles, followed by milling time and speed. The results of the parameters optimization experiment were validated by a confirmation test of milling machine operations.

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Characterization of Various Organic Waste Nanofillers Obtained From Oil Palm Ash

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

Exploration of a Chemo-Mechanical Technique for the Isolation of Nanofibrillated Cellulosic Fiber from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as a Reinforcing Agent in Composites Materials

Biomaterial from Oil Palm Waste: Properties, Characterization and Applications

Preparation of Palm Oil Ash Nanoparticles: Taguchi Optimization Method by Particle Size Distribution and Morphological Studies

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