“…In the last two decades, doped lead zirconate titanate stannate antiferroelectric (AFE) materials have received increasing attention due to their larger electric-induced strain and unique double hysteresis loops, which have the potential usage in microelectric system, especially for higher energy storage applications and high-strain transducers/actuators [1,2]. Generally, most studies on the lead-contained AFE thin films were usually fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates directly.…”