Chemical Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue

Wallace, James S.

doi:10.1201/9781420069716

Cited by 75 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

113

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Os principais produtos da combustão em volume são gases (43%), sólidos (55%) e água (1%). 64,65 Um substituto moderno da pólvora negra é a pólvora sintética, onde outros aditivos são adicionados com funções específicas, contribuindo diretamente para a vida útil da munição, sendo eles: nitrocelulose (oxidante); nitroglicerina, ftalato de dimetila ou butila, glicerina (plastificantes); difenilamina, 2-ou 4-nitrofenilamina, nnitrosodifenilamina, dinitrotolueno, n-metil-p-nitroanilina, metil ou etil entralina, resorcinol (estabilizantes); sulfato de potássio, nitrato…”

Section: Balística Forenseunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

Romão¹,

Schwab²,

Bueno³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Balística Forenseunclassified

“…Atualmente, esses compostos têm sido usados como marcadores na análise de GSR orgânicos presentes após a combustão da pólvora, podendo ser encontrados no estojo ou nas mãos do atirador. 64,65 …”

Section: Figura 6 Diagrama Esquemático Da Técnica Easi-ms Pressão Nunclassified

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

Romão¹,

Schwab²,

Bueno³

et al. 2011

Quím. Nova

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The bulk of the chemical composition of firearms propellants is provided by the propellant compounds nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine (NG). Additives that include stabilisers, plasticizers and burn modifiers are present and contribute to the compositional variation (2,3). If partially burnt particles are located following a shooting incident examination of their physical appearance and analysis to determine their chemical profile can provide definitive evidence of a firearms origin and potential indication of a source ammunition, (2,3,4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additives that include stabilisers, plasticizers and burn modifiers are present and contribute to the compositional variation (2,3). If partially burnt particles are located following a shooting incident examination of their physical appearance and analysis to determine their chemical profile can provide definitive evidence of a firearms origin and potential indication of a source ammunition, (2,3,4). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) is a widely used analytical technique to determine the chemical profile of propellants (4,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into artefacts formed during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of firearms propellant that contains diphenylamine as the stabiliser

Pigou

Dennison

Johnston

et al. 2017

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights Identification of artefacts formed during gas chromatography analysis of firearms propellant.  Identification of a previously unreported diphenylamine derivative.  Identity of artefact confirmed by synthesis. ABSTRACTIn the course of providing assistance to legal counsel in a matter that involved the analysis of firearms propellant by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry it was noticed that phenoxazine was reported as a component of 0.22 calibre propellant that contained diphenylamine as the stabiliser. The research was conducted to find how phenoxazine was formed. The results showed that the compound was not phenoxazine but a diphenylamine derivative 4-(phenylimino) cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one that formed in the injection port of the gas chromatograph. In addition a second artefact was found to form in the ion source of the mass spectrometer. While the presence of the artefacts does not affect the ability to identify particles as propellant they may impact on comparison with source ammunition.

show abstract

“…To overcome this limitation, we developed a "two-speed" configuration for infofuses (Figure 1), in which patterned, fast-burning strips of nitrocellulose (FastFuses) branched off from a central, slow-burning fuse (SlowFuse). [17] For our SlowFuse, we used a formulation similar to "slow match", a type of matchcord used in the early days of firearms: [18] cotton string (diameter ~ 1 mm) soaked in a 6% (w/v) aqueous solution of NaNO 3 for ~ 20 minutes and dried at 125 °C. When ignited, the hot zone of this SlowFuse smoldered with a red-hot ember ( Figure S4) instead of with a flame, and 8/25 propagated at ~ 1 -2 meters/hour.…”

Section: A "Dual-speed" Configuration Allows Infofuses To Transmit Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐Duration Transmission of Information with Infofuses

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"Infofuse" for long: "Infofuses" − chemically based systems for non-electronic communication that can transmit alphanumeric information encoded as pulses of light − can now operate for hours without accidental extinction. These characteristics improve their functionality and potential for practical use, and make them more convenient as a test bed for a new approach to information technology that fuses chemistry and information-"infochemistry". 2/25This paper describes a new system for non-electronic communication that can transmit alphanumeric information as encoded pulses of light, over intervals of hours. The objective of this research is to design "infofuses" that improved the previously described systems [1] in three ways: i) they could transmit information for hours instead of seconds, ii) they could transmit long messages, and iii) they resisted accidental extinction. These characteristics improve the functionality and potential for practical use of infofuses, and make them more convenient to use as a test bed for a new approach to fusing chemistry and information-"infochemistry".We consider the elements of a system for manipulating information that comprises seven steps: i) generating the message (either by writing it, or by collecting it from a sensor), ii) encoding the information in a form that a device can transmit, iii) transmitting the information, iv) receiving the information, v) decoding the information, vi) interpreting the decoded information, vii) acting on this information. In this work, we focus on steps ii) -iii). To simplify the problem, we assume that reception and decoding will be accomplished optically and electronically, and that there are no constraints (that we must consider) on the complexity, cost, or performance of the systems that accomplish these functions. We also assume that generating the message involves a separate set of issues which may or may not be primarily chemical.Systems based on infochemistry combine the storage and transmission of encoded information with four attractive features of chemistry: i) high energy density; ii) autonomous generation of power that can be used for both sensing and for transmission; iii) no requirement for batteries; iv) facile coupling with certain kinds of chemical sensing. We have described two infochemical systems that do not require external electrical power (they use only chemical interactions or reactions) to transmit alphanumeric information. The first system-which we call an "infofuse"-is based on a strip of flammable polymer (nitrocellulose). [1], [2] In this system, 3/25 patterns of spots of thermally emissive salts encode information. The second-which we call a "droplet shutter"-is a microfluidic device that capitalizes on the high stability of operation of a flow-focusing nozzle to generate bubbles and droplets. [3] In this system, windows in an opaque mask encode information. The combination of optically transparent droplets and windows serve as optical shutters. A third system-a frequency-agile microdroplet-based laser-require...

show abstract

Chemical Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue

Cited by 75 publications

References 1 publication

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

Química forense: perspectivas sobre novos métodos analíticos aplicados à documentoscopia, balística e drogas de abuso

An investigation into artefacts formed during gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of firearms propellant that contains diphenylamine as the stabiliser

Long‐Duration Transmission of Information with Infofuses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About