Chemische und biochemische Dehydrierung einer Äthan‐α‐d, α′‐d‐dicarbonsäure

Erlenmeyer, H.; Schoenauer, W.; Süllmann, H.

doi:10.1002/hlca.193601901183

Cited by 31 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…While stable isotopes are generally considered to be “ identical ” in behavior to the more abundant endogenous isotopes, there are certain exceptions to this rule that should be noted. Highly deuterated molecules, for example, can impact the rates of enzymatic reactions, with early work showing that 2 H 2 ‐labeled succinic acid is dehydrogenated at a slower rate than the endogenous compound (Erlenmeyer, Schoenauer, & Süllmann, ), this was believed to be due in part to the more stable chemical bonds created by deuterium compared to hydrogen (Jones & Leatherdale, ). These effects seem to be most significant in mammals for deuterated compounds only however, with other isotopes such as 13 Carbon showing limited effects even at relatively high doses (approaching 60%; Gregg et al, ), in contrast in plants the 13 Carbon isotope will be handled differently based on whether the plant utilizes the C3 or C4 pathways for carbon fixation during photosynthesis (Hobbie & Werner, ).…”

Section: Introduction: What Is a Stable Isotope Tracer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and contemporary stable isotope tracer approaches to studying mammalian protein metabolism

Wilkinson

2016

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Over a century ago, Frederick Soddy provided the first evidence for the existence of isotopes; elements that occupy the same position in the periodic table are essentially chemically identical but differ in mass due to a different number of neutrons within the atomic nucleus. Allied to the discovery of isotopes was the development of some of the first forms of mass spectrometers, driven forward by the Nobel laureates JJ Thomson and FW Aston, enabling the accurate separation, identification, and quantification of the relative abundance of these isotopes. As a result, within a few years, the number of known isotopes both stable and radioactive had greatly increased and there are now over 300 stable or radioisotopes presently known. Unknown at the time, however, was the potential utility of these isotopes within biological disciplines, it was soon discovered that these stable isotopes, particularly those of carbon (13C), nitrogen (15N), oxygen (18O), and hydrogen (2H) could be chemically introduced into organic compounds, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars, and used to “trace” the metabolic fate of these compounds within biological systems. From this important breakthrough, the age of the isotope tracer was born. Over the following 80 yrs, stable isotopes would become a vital tool in not only the biological sciences, but also areas as diverse as forensics, geology, and art. This progress has been almost exclusively driven through the development of new and innovative mass spectrometry equipment from IRMS to GC‐MS to LC‐MS, which has allowed for the accurate quantitation of isotopic abundance within samples of complex matrices. This historical review details the development of stable isotope tracers as metabolic tools, with particular reference to their use in monitoring protein metabolism, highlighting the unique array of tools that are now available for the investigation of protein metabolism in vivo at a whole body down to a single protein level. Importantly, it will detail how this development has been closely aligned to the technological development within the area of mass spectrometry. Without the dedicated development provided by these mass spectrometrists over the past century, the use of stable isotope tracers within the field of protein metabolism would not be as widely applied as it is today, this relationship will no doubt continue to flourish in the future and stable isotope tracers will maintain their importance as a tool within the biological sciences for many years to come. © 2016 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev

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Section: Introduction: What Is a Stable Isotope Tracer?mentioning

confidence: 99%