Clinical severity and molecular typing of human rhinovirus C strains during a fall outbreak affecting hospitalized patients

Piralla, Antonio; Rovida, Francesca; Campanini, Giulia; Rognoni, Vanina; Marchi, Antonietta; Locatelli, Franco; Gerna, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2009.04.016

Cited by 109 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…2C, the 67 HRV-C strains were assayed for the presence of the cre element. In all 67 strains, the cre motif was detected in the VP2 region, thus confirming that all these strains belong to the HRV-C species (2,13). Thus, cre provides a distinctive molecular signature for differentiating HRV-C from HEVs (cre located in the 2C region), HRV-A (cre in the 2A region), and HRV-B (cre in the VP1 region).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

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Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Respiratory Picornavirus Species, Including the Newly Identified Group C Rhinoviruses, during a 1-Year Surveillance of a Hospitalized Patient Population in Italy

2011

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confidence: 58%

“…Respiratory samples were aliquoted and handled as reported previously (14,16). A panel of 17 respiratory viruses was investigated as reported previously (13), including HRVs (9) and human enteroviruses (HEVs) (21). Two methods were used for HRV molecular typing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Respiratory Picornavirus Species, Including the Newly Identified Group C Rhinoviruses, during a 1-Year Surveillance of a Hospitalized Patient Population in Italy

2011

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“…Since then, multiple studies have compared the virulence of HRV-C relative to the classical HRV-A and -B species (13,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). In several of these studies, HRV-C viruses appear to be overrepresented compared with HRV-A and -B in infants and children with lower respiratory infections and in exacerbations of childhood asthma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Rhinovirus Species and Season of Infection Determine Illness Severity

Lee¹,

Lemanske²,

Evans

et al. 2012

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

287

266

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Rationale: Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) consist of approximately 160 types that cause a wide range of clinical outcomes, including asymptomatic infections, common colds, and severe lower respiratory illnesses. Objectives: To identify factors that influence the severity of HRV illnesses. Methods: HRV species and types were determined in 1,445 nasal lavages that were prospectively collected from 209 infants participating in a birth cohort who had at least one HRV infection. Questionnaires were used during each illness to identify moderate to severe illnesses (MSI). Measurements and Main Results: Altogether, 670 HRV infections were identified, and 519 of them were solitary infections (only one HRV type). These 519 viruses belonged to 93 different types of three species: 49 A, 9 B, and 35 C types. HRV-A (odds ratio, 8.2) and HRV-C (odds ratio, 7.6) were more likely to cause MSI compared with HRV-B. In addition, HRV infections were 5-to 10-fold more likely to cause MSI in the winter months (P , 0.0001) compared with summer, in contrast to peak seasonal prevalence in spring and fall. When significant differences in host susceptibility to MSI (P ¼ 0.004) were considered, strain-specific rates of HRV MSI ranged from less than 1% to more than 20%. Conclusions: Factors related to HRV species and type, season, and host susceptibility determine the risk of more severe HRV illness in infancy. These findings suggest that anti-HRV strategies should focus on HRV-A and -C species and identify the need for additional studies to determine mechanisms for seasonal increases of HRV severity, independent of viral prevalence, in cold weather months.Keywords: rhinovirus; severe illness; species; type; seasonality Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are the most prevalent human respiratory viruses. Annually, they infect billions of people and are responsible for at least one-half of all acute upper respiratory illnesses (common colds), the most common illness of humans (1-3). In addition to common colds, infections with HRV result in a wide range of other clinical outcomes ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe lower respiratory illnesses, such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and exacerbations of asthma (1, 4-7). It is likely that host, viral, and environmental factors contribute to the severity of illness caused by HRV infection. Indeed, more severe HRV infections are associated with phenotypic characteristics such as extremes in age; chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma; reduced interferon responses in the blood and airway; and, in early life, male sex and reduced lung function (4,8). Little is known about viral and environmental determinants of illness severity.HRVs are a large group of genetically diverse RNA viruses and are classified phylogenetically into three species (A, B, and C). The 100 classical serotypes are found within species A and B, and approximately 50 newly identified types are HRV-Cs (5, 9-15). This tremendous genetic diversity represents a major obstacle toward developing both antivirals and vaccines for HRV, and iden...

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“…HRV loads [25] and serotypes [26] may play a role. ARI patients may have higher HRV loads than healthy controls, and/or may be infected with more pathogenic HRV while healthy control subjects harbour less pathogenic HRV.…”

Section: Rsv As Leading Viral Pathogen Causing Ari Hospitalisation Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory syncytial virus: co-infection and paediatric lower respiratory tract infections

et al. 2013

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Comprehensive population-based data on the role of respiratory viruses in the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain unclear. We investigated the incidence and effect of single and multiple infections with respiratory viruses on the risk of LRTIs in Vietnam.Population-based prospective surveillance and a case-control study of hospitalised paediatric patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) were conducted from April 2007 through to March 2010. Healthy controls were randomly recruited from the same community. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for 13 respiratory viruses using multiplex PCRs.1992 hospitalised ARI episodes, including 397 (19.9%) with LRTIs, were enrolled. Incidence of hospitalised LRTIs among children aged ,24 months was 2171.9 per 100 000 (95% CI 1947.9-2419.7). The majority of ARI cases (60.9%) were positive for at least one virus. Human rhinovirus (24.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (20.1%) and influenza A virus (12.0%) were the most common and 9.5% had multiple-viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections independently increased the risk of LRTIs. Respiratory syncytial virus further increased the risk, when co-infected with human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus-3 but not with influenza A virus. The casecontrol analysis revealed that respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus increased the risk of ARI hospitalisation but not human rhinovirus.Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading pathogen associated with risk of ARI hospitalisation and LRTIs in Vietnam. @ERSpublications RSV is the leading pathogen associated with risk of ARI hospitalisation and LRTIs in Vietnam

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Clinical severity and molecular typing of human rhinovirus C strains during a fall outbreak affecting hospitalized patients

Cited by 109 publications

References 31 publications

Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Respiratory Picornavirus Species, Including the Newly Identified Group C Rhinoviruses, during a 1-Year Surveillance of a Hospitalized Patient Population in Italy

Phylogenetic Patterns of Human Respiratory Picornavirus Species, Including the Newly Identified Group C Rhinoviruses, during a 1-Year Surveillance of a Hospitalized Patient Population in Italy

Human Rhinovirus Species and Season of Infection Determine Illness Severity

Respiratory syncytial virus: co-infection and paediatric lower respiratory tract infections

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