Clothing Air Gap Layers and Thermal Protective Performance in Single Layer Garment

Abstract

A three-dimensional body scanning technique is used to measure the air gap layer distribution between different-sized protective garments and the body of a manikin used to evaluate garment thermal protective performance. The influence of fabric material and garment size on the manikin skin-clothing air gap layers existing in single layer thermally protective coveralls is analyzed. Protective performance of these garments is evaluated using the Manikin Thermal Protective Clothing Analysis System. Relationships between the burn patterns, measured on a flash fire manikin and measured manikin-garment air gap layers, are examined. The effects of thermally induced shrinkage as a result of flash fire exposure are discussed in comparisons between single layer protective coverall clothing made with heat resistant fabrics. An established numerical model is used to forecast the dimensions of skin-clothing air gap for optimum thermal protection.

Advanced modelling of the transport phenomena across horizontal clothing microclimates with natural convection

“…These factors influence the way clothing and body interact, thus dictating the characteristics of the different microclimates existing inside clothing. Several works in the literature show that the features of these microclimates play a central role in the transport processes across clothing (Torvi et al 1999;Song 2007;Ding et al 2010;Kim et al 2002;Barker et al 2004;Min et al 2007;Psikuta et al 2012;Morrissey and Rossi 2013;Mayor et al 2014a). In these regions, heat is transported by radiation and conduction or natural convection, depending on the distance and temperature difference between their boundaries.…”

“…Some researchers report the use of three-dimensional scanning techniques together with data from thermal manikins, in an attempt to relate the features of the clothing microclimates (e.g. thickness, volume) and the heat transfer measured across protective clothing (Song 2007;Kim et al 2002). Others used different types of heated-guarded hotplates to study the transport rates across microclimates, in a variety of conditions mimicking clothing use (Torvi et al 1999;Ding et al 2010;Morozumi et al 2012).…”

Prediction methods of skin burn for performance evaluation of thermal protective clothing

“…Therefore, various test methods were developed, which use a physical thermal sensor to measure the heat flux, such as benchtop tests [5], cylindrical device tests [6], and manikin tests [7]. Most test methods use skin burn predictions to simulate the potential burn and determine the protective performance of the sample [8].…”

Termal Koruyucu Giysilerin Koruma Performansı Üzerinde Hava Boşluklarının Etkisi

“…Tam ölçekli manken testleri ise gerçek bir yangın durumuna uygun şekilde maruz kalma süresi ve ısı akış miktarı değiştirilebilen ortam şartlarında kumaş numunesi yerine giysilerin bütünü kullanılarak yapılmaktadır. Mankenin yüzeyi üzerinde bulunan çok sayıda ısı akış sensörü sayesinde alevlerin manken vücudunun farklı bölgelerinde meydana getirdiği sıcaklık değişimleri belirlenebilmekte ve deride oluşacak ikinci ve üçüncü dereceden yanıklar tahmin edilebilmektedir [17,26,39].…”

“…Giysilerin beden büyüklü-ğündeki artışın büzülmeyi arttırdığı belirlenmiş ve hava boşluk boyutu ve ısıl büzülme arasındaki korelasyon katsayısı 0.749 olarak tespit edilmiştir [52]. Isıl büzülme hava boşlukları boyunca ısı transferini etkileyerek giysinin termal koruma performansını azaltmakta ve deride yanıkların artmasına sebep olabilmektedir [17]. Ghazy (2014) çalışmasında kumaşta oluşan ısıl büzülmenin koruyucu giysinin performansına etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla matematiksel bir model geliştirmiştir.…”