coastal aquifer by using correlation, principal component, and factor analyses

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical characterization of the Erzin Plain coastal aquifer has been accomplished in this research to investigate the spatial and transient behavior of its water quality. The aquifer is located along the Mediterranean coast and forms one of the most productive aquifers in Turkey. Chemical analyses of groundwater samples collected from the aquifer during 1964–1968 (128 samples), May 1993 (30 samples), October 1993 (37 samples), and June 1994 (20 samples) constitute the available groundwater quality data set. The characteristics of the groundwater samples were evaluated statistically by correlation, principal component, and factor analyses to investigate interrelations among various groundwater quality and aquifer property parameters and to assess the occurrence of seawater intrusion. Application of principal component and factor analyses yielded two groups of variables indicative of seawater and freshwater. The basin is being contaminated by seawater, although it was not possible to locate the intrusion due to lack of sufficient data. The study emphasizes that management policies be reorganized for optimal use of the aquifer.

Comparison of Different Indicators for Groundwater Contamination by Seawater Intrusion on the Lebanese Coast

“…It is often associated with over pumping in coastal regions, resulting in overdraft conditions and creating an inland gradient of seawater. The problem of seawater intrusion has been reported by many authors (Bakker, 2000;Hurswitz et al, 2000;Person et al, 1998;Langevin et al, 1998;Karahanoglu, 1997;Bonacci and Bonacci, 1997;Padilla and Sanjulian, 1997;Emekli et al, 1996;HuyaKorn et al, 1996) particularly along the southern Lebanese coast by El Moujabber et al (2004), El Moujabber et al (2003 and El Moujabber and Bou Samra (2002).…”

Assessment of Seawater Intrusion into Shallow Coastal Aquifer in Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India

“…Na/Cl ratio is 0.86 in seawater, and Cl is above the alkaline (Na) ions, while the Mg / Ca ratio is between 4.5 and 5.2 in seawater and excess of Mg [30]. In contrast, continental fresh groundwater is characterized by a highly variable chemical composition, although the predominant anions are HCO 3 , SO 4 and Cl [32,33]. Generally, the total dissolved solids are usually between 150 mg/l and 1500 mg/l for fresh groundwater.…”

“…Thus, from total dissolved solids (>2000 mg/l), Cl (>1000 mg/l), and some minor ions, the mixing patterns between seawater and groundwater can be understood. Mixing can also occur when the groundwater conductivity (EC) is above 3000 μs/cm [33]. Mixing can also be identified.…”

Geochemical and isotopic signatures for the identification of seawater intrusion in an alluvial aquifer

“…Thus, the mixing trends between seawater and groundwater can be understood from total dissolved solids (>2000 mg/l), Cl (>1000 mg/l) and some minor ions. Mixing can also be identified when electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater exceeds 3000 μS/cm (Karahanoglu 1997). In seawater intruded regions, the concentration of Mg will be greater than SO 4 +HCO 3 , and Cl greater than Na, whereas regions with meteoric waters salinised by the marine salts will have Na greater than Cl (Howard and Lloyd 1983).…”