Cold Carbon Apparatus for Hemodialysis

Giordano, C; Esposito, Roberto; Bello, P; Quarto, E; Gonzalez, F. M.

doi:10.3109/08860227609039143

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…of AC at 1 ° C was 2.5 times higher than at 37 ° C. Our finding that the urea adsorption capacity of AC is unchanged after washing 4 times is also in agreement with previous studies [31,32] . Although there had been some studies applying physical adsorption processes to HD, they did not achieve HD adequacy, where the urea removal ratio was less than 40% in the blood compartment [9,31,32] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…At high temperature, adsorbed molecules would tend to be desorbed from an AC. Because the physical adsorption mechanism is reversible, an AC could, in principle, be reused by repeating this process [31,32] . The present prototype is based on this principle.…”

Section: Development Of the Cdrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dialysate samples were collected at the outlet of the ACC at 0, 1, 2, 4,6,8,12,16,20,24,28,38,48, and 60 min. UAR and R (g of urea/kg of AC) were calculated using equation 1 and 2, respectively [31,32] .…”

Section: Adsorption Isotherm Of Urea On Ac At 5 ° Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, this occurs without the side effects of the chemical method mentioned above. Still, those systems did not provide adequate HD , and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels remained high after dialysis [9,31,32] . Therefore, new systems that overcome these limitations should be developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another method to regenerate dialysate utilizes physical adsorption of toxins on activated carbon (AC; adsorption is due to Van der Waals forces) [30][31][32][33][34] . AC can adsorb uremic toxins ranging in molecular mass from 60 to 21,500 Da, but little urea is adsorbed at body temperature [18,35] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Cold Dialysate Regeneration System for Home Hemodialysis

Kim

Moon

et al. 2009

Blood Purif

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Background/Aims: Because longer and/or more frequent dialysis has potential clinical benefits, home hemodialysis (HHD) systems should provide flexible renal replacement therapies. We propose a new cold dialysate regeneration system that requires 10 l per treatment for HHD. Methods: We designed a dialysate regeneration system using cold dialysate and 2 activated carbon columns alternatively switched between adsorption and desorption. Urea adsorption ratios were compared in three different conditions; cold dialysate (5.7°C), normal dialysate (36.8°C), and cold dialysate with washing. In vivo tests (n = 8) were conducted to validate this system. Results: The urea removal ratios were 20.0 ± 1.7% in cold dialysate, 36.0 ± 1.7% in normal dialysate, and 82.5 ± 1.2% in cold dialysate with washing. In animal experiments, the urea reduction ratio was 60.9 ± 6.3%, Kt/V was 1.0 ± 0.2, and serum electrolytes remained stable. Conclusion: The proposed cold dialysate regeneration system using a small volume of dialysate will be useful for HHD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Development Of the Cdrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adsorption Isotherm Of Urea On Ac At 5 ° Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Cold Dialysate Regeneration System for Home Hemodialysis

Kim

Moon

et al. 2009

Blood Purif

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Catalytic urea electrooxidation on nickel‐metal hydroxide foams for use in a simplified dialysis device

Pyka,

Bergsman,

Stuve

2024

AIChE Journal

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Electrocatalytic urea removal is a promising technology for artificial kidney dialysis and wastewater treatment. Urea electrooxidation was studied on nickel electrocatalysts modified with Cr, Mo, Mn, and Fe. Mass transfer limits were observed for urea oxidation at physiological concentrations (10 mmol L). Urea oxidation kinetics were explored at higher concentrations (200 mmol L), showing improved performance, but with lower currents per active site. A simplified dialysis model was developed to examine the relationship of mass transfer coefficients and extent of reaction on flowrate, composition, and pH of the reacting stream. For a nickel hydroxide catalyst operating at 1.45 V, 37 , and pH 7.1, the model shows a minimum geometric electrode area of 1314 cm2 is needed to remove 3.75 g urea h with a flow rate of 200 mL min for continuous operation.

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A Ninhydrin‐Type Urea Sorbent for the Development of a Wearable Artificial Kidney

Jong

Guo

Hazenbrink

et al. 2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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The aim of this study is to develop polymeric chemisorbents with a high density of ninhydrin groups, able to covalently bind urea under physiological conditions and thus potentially suitable for use in a wearable artificial kidney. Macroporous beads are prepared by suspension polymerization of 5‐vinyl‐1‐indanone (vinylindanone) using a 90:10 (v/v) mixture of toluene and nitrobenzene as a porogen. The indanone groups are subsequently oxidized in a one‐step procedure into ninhydrin groups. Their urea absorption kinetics are evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions at 37 °C in simulated dialysate (urea in phosphate buffered saline). Under static conditions and at a 1:1 molar ratio of ninhydrin: urea the sorbent beads remove ≈0.6–0.7 mmol g−1 and under dynamic conditions and at a 2:1 molar excess of ninhydrin ≈0.6 mmol urea g−1 sorbent in 8 h at 37 °C, which is a step toward a wearable artificial kidney.

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Cold Carbon Apparatus for Hemodialysis

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Development of a Cold Dialysate Regeneration System for Home Hemodialysis

Development of a Cold Dialysate Regeneration System for Home Hemodialysis

Catalytic urea electrooxidation on nickel‐metal hydroxide foams for use in a simplified dialysis device

A Ninhydrin‐Type Urea Sorbent for the Development of a Wearable Artificial Kidney

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