Combined application of saponin and chimeric toxins drastically enhances the targeted cytotoxicity on tumor cells

Targeting antibodies to the cytoplasm

“…be enhanced by lysosomotropic agents like chloroquine 203 or by saponins that accumulate in endosomal membranes, 204,205 but interference with cellular processes may also lead to artifacts when these methods are used in cell physiological studies. Very recently, the PE translocation domain was successfully used in a tripartite construct.…”

Photochemically stimulated drug delivery increases the cytotoxicity and specificity of EGF–saporin

“…The endo/lysosomal membrane permeability therefore limits the applicability of these drugs (Lloyd 2000). Many compounds have been used to increase the cytosolic release of endo/lysosomally trapped drugs, such as ammonium chloride, chloroquine, monensin and saponin (Casellas et al 1984, Wu 1997, Heisler et al 2005. These reagents are, however, not optimal for in vivo applications due to lack of selectivity towards target cells and high toxicity.…”

Determination of antibacterial activity, total phenolic, flavonoid and saponin contents in leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill and Perr

“…All these contribute to the composition of the plant. In the evaluation of the total phenolic, flavonoid and saponin contents, the total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and gallic acid as the potential via cytokine interplay [19,20], cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in malignant tumor cells [21], adjuvant properties for vaccines as immunostimulatory complexes [22], and synergistic enhancement of the toxicity of immunotoxins [21]. Tannins are astringents.…”