Combustion characteristics of butanol, butyl butyrate, and Jet A-1 in a swirl-stabilized combustor

Intl J of Energy Research

Chong

Karmakar

2021

Self Cite

Biofuels are carbon-neutral alternative fuels, which have emerged as an important source of energy for the aviation industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Butanol is considered an emerging biofuel with properties that are suited for application in gas turbine engines. It is traditionally produced through the fermentation process of biomass (acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation). To examine the feasibility of butanol as operating fuel, the combustion characteristics of butanol and butanol/Jet A-1 blends are examined in a labscale swirl stabilized burner, with emphasis on the effect of preheating because of the variation of inlet air temperature during flight operation. To rich the constant air temperature to 150 C, the incoming air (main air) is preheated and investigated for various equivalence ratios. Compared to neat Jet A-1, the flames of the butanol/Jet A-1 blends have shown a better effect on global emission characteristics with comparable temperature distribution on adding butanol to Jet A-1. A 50% butanol-loaded blends show a reduction of 29% CO and 24% NOx compared to neat Jet A-1 whereas 30% loading follows a similar trend, and the pollutant emission is slightly higher than the 50% blend case.Additionally, both 30% and 50% butanol blends show a comparable flame temperature distribution, which is higher than neat Jet A-1.

Section: Composition Of Fuel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flame Temperature Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

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Combustion characteristics of butanol‐ Jet A‐1 fuel blends in a swirl‐stabilized combustor under the influence of preheated swirling air

Intl J of Energy Research

Chong

Karmakar

2021

Self Cite

“…Higher heat values, higher flash points, lower hygroscopic and lower vapor pressures are some of the properties that make n-butanol more suitable for alternative aviation fuel than ethanol. 27 Butyl butyrate is another potential type of biofuel that can satisfy the chemical property requirement of alternative aviation fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on spray characteristics of Jet A-1 and alternative aviation fuels

Karmakar

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

et al. 2021

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Potential alternative fuels that can mitigate environmental pollution from gas turbine engines (due to steep growth in the aviation sector globally) are getting significant attention. Spray behavior plays a significant role in influencing the combustion performance of such alternative fuels. In the present study, spray characteristics of Kerosene-based fuel (Jet A-1) and alternative aviation fuels such as butyl butyrate, butanol, and their blends with Jet A-1 are investigated using an air-blast atomizer under different atomizing air-to-fuel ratios. Phase Doppler Interferometry has been employed to obtain the droplet size and velocity distribution of various fuels. A high-speed shadowgraphy technique has also been adopted to make a comparison of ligament breakup characteristics and droplet formation of these alternative biofuels with that of Jet A-1. An effort is made to understand how the variation in fuel properties (mainly viscosity) influences atomization. Due to the higher viscosity of butanol, the SMD is higher, and the droplet formation seems to be delayed compared to Jet A-1. In contrast, the lower viscosity of butyl butyrate promotes faster droplet formation. The effects of the blending of these biofuels with Jet A-1 on atomization characteristics are also compared with that of Jet A-1.

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

Comparative analysis of the combustion and emission characteristics of biojet and conventional Jet A‐1 fuel: a review

Raji,

Manescau,

Chetehouna

et al. 2024

Conventional jet fuels derived from fossil sources contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, leading to climate change. Recent studies have shown that biobased jet fuels from different feedstocks offer a more sustainable alternative to conventional fuels as they are derived from renewable biomass, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The major feedstocks reviewed are jatropha curcas, camelina, karanja oil, waste cooking oil, and municipal solid waste. They offer diverse benefits for sustainable aviation fuel development. As a comparative analysis, this review examined jet fuel characteristics based on their physicochemical properties, namely energy content, viscosity, calorific value, cetane number, and freezing and flash points. The objective was to understand the influence of the properties on performance evaluation, environmental impact, and combustion characteristics. The properties of biojet fuels are compared with their fossil counterparts to validate their suitability as renewable alternatives and their benefits in terms of emissions reduction and engine performance. Biojet fuels perform better in terms of lower sulfur content, lower soot content, and a lower freezing point, their aromatic content, and their high cetane number. This study enhances the understanding of biojet fuels and their quality, and supports the development of sustainable fuel options. Overall, adherence to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D7566‐18 standard is crucial for the acceptance and integration of biojet fuels into the aviation sector. Future research should explore feedstocks such as wood biomass, wastepaper, and agricultural residues for biojet fuels. It should also investigate the combustion and emission characteristics of biosourced aviation fuel at higher blending ratios (>50% by volume) with fossil Jet A‐1.