Comparative Endocrinology of Prolactin

Clarke, W. Craig; Bern, Howard A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-447208-2.50010-1

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 598 publications

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“…The physiological actions of prolactin and growth hormone cover a broad spectrum [11,18] and are likely of relevance during larval development. Their spatial and temporal dynamics as observed in other vertebrate taxa point to physiologically variable actions [15,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GH plays a role in anabolic processes, energy mobilisation (including energy repartitioning and lipid mobilisation) and osmoregulation in fish [9]. PRL has multiple effects in fish, ranging from osmoregulation, ion transport across gill epithelia, growth, reproduction and metabolism to behaviour [11,32]. The regulation of these hormones, together with somatolactin (SL) which belongs to the same GH-PRL gene family [42], has several common features at the molecular level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While classical techniques such as experimental endocrinology, histology and immunohistochemistry have taught us much about the location and possible functions of the growth hormone (GH) -prolactin (PRL) family [11,18], more recent studies on gene regulation provide evidence for specific and defined roles of hormones [33,39]. GH and PRL, originating from the same stem cells [7], are expressed in specific cells located in the pituitary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemically detected ontogeny of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Volckaert

Mugoyo

Lescroart

et al. 1999

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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The chronological appearance of selected endocrine cells in the pituitary of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) was studied morphologically, histologically and immunohistochemically by using antisera raised against catfish growth hormone (cgGH) and recombinant tilapia prolactin I (tPRL). cgGH-and tPRL-like immunoreactive cells were visible from day 1 post fertilisation (hatching) throughout the juvenile and the adult stage. From 1 to 90 days after hatching, the larval pituitary is oval in shape with a distinctly shaped rostral pars distalis, proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia. From day 120 onwards allometric growth of the rostral and proximal pars distalis extended the prolactin and growth hormone cells anteriorily and posteriorily, respectively. Size and activity of the prolactin and growth hormone cells, measured by the ratio of cell surface to nuclear surface remained constant until day 40 and showed a growth spurt thereafter. Growth hormone content, measured with a catfish-specific radio-immunoassay from hatching until 60 h post hatching, increased exponentially between 30 and 60 h.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemically detected ontogeny of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Volckaert

Mugoyo

Lescroart

et al. 1999

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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“…These are mainly related to lactation, reproduction, growth, osmoregulation and immunomodulation (Nicoll and Bern, 1972;Clarke and Bern, 1980). The hormonal signal is mediated by specific membrane receptors, or lactogenic receptors (Boutin et al, 1988;Edery et al, 1989), which are found in the numerous target tissues (Kelly et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The addition of nine residues at the C‐terminus of human prolactin drastically alters its biological properties

Goffin

Struman

Goormaghtigh

et al. 1993

European Journal of Biochemistry

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We have added nine extra residues to the C-terminal of human prolactin and analysed the effect of this mutation on the ability of the hormone to bind to its lactogenic receptor and to induce Nb2 cell division. Both properties are markedly affected when compared to the natural 23-kDa human prolactin. Since no alteration of the global protein folding was detected either by circular dichroism or by infrared spectroscopy, the decrease in biological potency can be exclusively attributed to an effect of the nine additional residues on their near environment. From infrared analysis and secondary structure prediction, the elongated tail is assumed to be involved in a B-sheet with a few residues initially belonging to the fourth helix. Moreover, from the X-ray structures of porcine and human growth hormones, two proteins homologous to prolactins, the nine extra residues are likely to fold within a concave pocket delimited by helices 1 and 4, and the second half of the loop connecting helices 1 and 2 (loop 1). Thereby, we suggest that the additional residues prevent some residues belonging to this pocket from interacting with the lactogenic receptor. This is in perfect agreement with our earlier proposal that the binding site of prolactin to the lactogenic receptor is homologous to that of growth hormone to the somatogenic receptor, i.e. essentially composed of residues belonging to this concave pocket.

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“…Injection of GH to juvenile rainbow trout actually resulted in acceleration of growth.1-3) Meanwhile, PRL delayed flounder metamorphosis which was stimulated by thyroid hormone.4) Furthermore, PRL facilitates regulation of water and electrolyte balance in fresh water teleosts, so that it is referred to as fish fresh water hormone. [5][6][7][8][9] As is very well known, leptocephali of anguilliform fish which arrive at coastal brackish sea areas metamorphose into glass eels and acquire fresh water adaptability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Study of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Cells in the Pituitaries of Anguilliform Leptocephali Captured in the Atlantic Sargasso Sea.

Orikasa¹,

Hyodo²,

Urano³

1992

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI

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Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), which are secreted by the pituitary gland, are considered to have important roles in the development and growth of fish as well as other vertebrates. We therefore studied ontogeny of GH and PRL immunoreactive (ir) cells in the pituitaries of anguilliform leptocephali, the total length (TL) of which varied from 17 to 51mm. GH-ir cells were mainly located as a small cell mass in the dorsal part of the proximal pars distalis (PPD). A small number of GH-ir cells were also found in the rostral pars distalis (RPD) where PRL-ir cells were dominant, indicating that some GH cells were scattered among the PRL cells in the leptocephalus pituitary. PRL-ir cells were distributed within but throughout the RPD. Although no significant changes were found in the number of either GH-ir or PRL-ir cells, the staining intensity and cell sizes for these cells apparently increased during growth. These results indicate that leptocephalus GH and PRL cells may not actively secrete, but gradually store up hormones before metamorphosis.

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Comparative Endocrinology of Prolactin

Cited by 66 publications

References 598 publications

Immunohistochemically detected ontogeny of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

Immunohistochemically detected ontogeny of prolactin and growth hormone cells in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus

The addition of nine residues at the C‐terminus of human prolactin drastically alters its biological properties

Immunohistochemical Study of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Cells in the Pituitaries of Anguilliform Leptocephali Captured in the Atlantic Sargasso Sea.

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