Comparative Study of Early Impacts of Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia on Clinical Manifestations, Pulmonary Function, and Chest Radiographs

Niyatiwatchanchai, Nutchanok; Deesomchok, Athavudh; Chaiwong, Warawut; Duangjit, Pilaiporn; Pothirat, Chaicharn; Liwsrisakun, Chalerm; Bumroongkit, Chaiwat; Theerakittikul, Theerakorn; Limsukon, Atikun; Tajarernmuang, Pattraporn; Trongtrakul, Konlawij; Euathrongchit, Juntima; Wannasopha, Yutthaphan; Srisuwan, Tanop

doi:10.3390/medicina58020216

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Subjects with CRP levels at the time of treatment are above 90 mg/L, as much as 35 percent, with a median CRP level of 60.45 ( 2.1-330.7) mg/L. This result is similar to the study by Niyatiwatchanchai et al, (2022), which found a median CRP of 67.8 (28, 8-122.6) mg/L. The study by Sirayder et al, (2022) found that the average CRP value for severe COVID-19 was 42.3 ± 46.5 mg/L.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

association of baseline C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels with six-minute walk test in severe COVID-19 survivors

Wadanta

Somia

Arisanti

et al. 2022

ijhs

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The post-COVID-19 syndrome can affect the patients' activities. The hyperinflammatory response resulting in permanent organ system damage or prolonged inflammation is thought to cause persistent symptoms. Inflammatory and coagulation markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and d-dimer may increase in acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated with unexpected outcome. Therefore, the researcher wanted to assess the association of baseline CRP and d-dimer levels with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) in severe COVID-19 survivors. This is a cross-sectional, observational analytic study. A total 80 participants were included in this study. The proportion of subjects with poor results of 6MWT was 71.3%. Bivariate analysis of high baseline level of CRP and d-dimer, and age 65 years old on the 6MWT showed significant results, with prevalence ratio (PR) consecutively 1.8 (95% CI1.408-2.284;p= <0.001),1.4 (95% CI1.165-1.796;p=0.018) , and 1.5 (95% CI 1.287-1.831; p= 0.008). Based on multivariate analysis, only high baseline level of CRP was significant (PR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.051-3.136; p = 0.032). The proportion of severe COVID-19 survivors with poor 6MWT was high. There is a significant association between high baseline levels of CRP with a poor 6MWT in severe COVID-19 survivors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

association of baseline C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels with six-minute walk test in severe COVID-19 survivors

Wadanta

Somia

Arisanti

et al. 2022

ijhs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This shows that in this study, there was no significant difference between the patient's NLR and the results of obstruction spirometry after the patient recovered. There is a study conducted by Niyatiwatchanchai et al it was found that in the acute phase of COVID-19, patients with severe degrees had more lung inflammation than mild or moderate degrees, and increased inflammatory mediators and cytokines with the finding of increased NLR and spirometry examinations were also carried out in post-COVID-19 patients with spirometry results still within normal limits and no differences in spirometry results for differences in disease severity [25]. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is a relationship between innate immunity (neutrophils) and adaptive immunity (lymphocytes) that can be used as a predictor of inflammation to determine the prognosis of inflammation, including COVID-19, where the higher the NLR, the worse the prognosis of the disease [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation Between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Baseline with Spirometry Test in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2022

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Background/aim: The sequelae of the post-COVID-19 syndrome can affect lung function. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio is one of the markers of increased inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Based on this, the researchers wanted to assess the relationship between baseline NLR levels and spirometry tests in severe COVID-19 survivors. Methods: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted at Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar from January 2022 to July 2022. Univariate analysis displays the mean, standard deviation, and relative frequency for categorical data. Bivariate analysis was performed by chi-squared test. The multivariate analysis used was multiple logistic regression to assess the relationship between baseline NLR levels and covariates with the spirometry test. Results: Subjects who participated in the study were 80. As many as 58 subjects (72.5%), the baseline NLR value was 3.58%, and the median NLR was 5.41% (1.19-514%). On spirometry examination, there were restrictions on 41 subjects (51.2%), mild Restriction in 38 subjects (47.5%), Obstruction in 8 subjects (10%), benign Obstruction in 5 subjects (6.3%). The multivariate correlation between baseline NLR and spirometry results (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF 25-75%) showed no relationship Conclusion: There is no relationship between high baseline NLR and FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75% values. Keywords: COVID-19, CRP, Lymphocyte, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF 25-75

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“…Although widely advocated [ 3 - 5 ], exertional desaturation tests have not yet been validated in patients with COVID-19. Preliminary studies have shown good correlations of 6MWD and ΔSPO 2 with disease severity, diffusion capacity, and lung volumes [ 2 , 15 , 16 ]. 6MWT has been studied in the pre-hospital setting (to assess the need for hospitalization), hospital setting (to determine the discharge readiness), and post-hospital setting (to determine the impact of post-COVID illness) [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 15 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary studies have shown good correlations of 6MWD and ΔSPO 2 with disease severity, diffusion capacity, and lung volumes [ 2 , 15 , 16 ]. 6MWT has been studied in the pre-hospital setting (to assess the need for hospitalization), hospital setting (to determine the discharge readiness), and post-hospital setting (to determine the impact of post-COVID illness) [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 15 , 17 , 18 ]. In this study, we assessed the test's application in discharge-ready patients after recovery from severe COVID-19 illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Six-Minute Walk Test Among Discharge-Ready Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yanamandra¹,

Saxena²,

Srinath³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Background Among patients hospitalized for severe pneumonia due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19), clinical stability and normal resting peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) levels are widely used as a discharge criterion after recovery. It is unknown whether a test to assess the functional exercise capacity, like a six-minute walk test (6MWT), can add to the appropriateness of discharge criteria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care COVID-19 hospital in India from 01 st to 31 st May 2021. All patients considered fit for discharge after recovery from "severe" COVID-19 pneumonia were subjected to 6MWT. Fitness for discharge was assessed by clinical stability and resting SpO 2 above 93% for three consecutive days. Patients were considered to have failed the 6MWT if there was ≥4% fall in SpO 2 or if they could not complete the test. Serum samples were analyzed for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at the time of discharge. Results Fifty-three discharge-ready patients with a mean age of 54.54 ± 14.35 years with a male preponderance (60.38%) were analyzed. Thirty-three (62.26%) patients failed the 6MWT with a median six-minute walk distance (6MWD) of 270 m (60-360). A total of 45 (84.91%) patients had a fall in SpO 2 during the test. The median change in SpO 2 (∆SpO 2 ) was 5% ranging from -6% to 8%. Serum LDH was significantly higher among patients who failed the 6MWT with a median LDH of 334 IU/L (38.96-2339) versus 261 IU/L (49.2-494) (p = 0.02). The difference was not significant for CRP or IL-6. There was no statistically significant correlation between the inflammatory markers with either 6MWD or (∆SpO 2 ). Conclusion Two-thirds of the patients considered fit for discharge after recovery from severe COVID-19 pneumonia failed 6MWT, implying reduced functional exercise capacity and exertional hypoxia. Serum LDH levels were higher in these patients but not in other inflammatory markers. None of the inflammatory markers at discharge correlated with 6MWD or ∆SpO 2 of 6MWT.

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Comparative Study of Early Impacts of Post-COVID-19 Pneumonia on Clinical Manifestations, Pulmonary Function, and Chest Radiographs

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

association of baseline C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels with six-minute walk test in severe COVID-19 survivors

association of baseline C-reactive protein and D-dimer levels with six-minute walk test in severe COVID-19 survivors

Correlation Between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio Baseline with Spirometry Test in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Assessment of Six-Minute Walk Test Among Discharge-Ready Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

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