Comparing the Effect of Wayang Pahlawan and Documentary Film for Cultivating Nationalism among Elementary School Student

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Wayang Pahlawan (learning media) and documentary film (learning media) for cultivating nationalism among fourth-grade students. The type of this study was comparative with a quasi-experimental approach. This study was carried from March to July 2019. The subjects in this study were fourth-grade students (aged 9-10 years) at Public Elementary School of 9 Purwodadi, Central Java, Indonesia (n = 38). Subjects were divided into two study groups. The first group was a group of students who received media treatment of Wayang Pahlawan. In contrast, the second group was a group of students who received media treatment of the documentary film. The data collection method used a questionnaire related to nationalism indicators. Validity test of items used the Product Moment Correlation, while KR 20 formula for reliability test. The normality test used the Liliefors method, the homogeneity test used the Leven test, while the hypothesis test used the Independent Sample T-Test. This study showed that Wayang Pahlawan and the documentary film showed an increase between the pretest and post-test results. It means that Wayang Pahlawan and documentary film can cultivate nationalism among fourth-grade students. Meanwhile, the documentary film was more effective in cultivating nationalism than Wayang Pahlawan. This study contributes to the existing literature about character education, especially nationalism. Data given will provide the elementary school teachers, department of elementary school teacher education, as well as ministry of education with information on how to cultivate nationalism effectively.

Nationalism education in elementary school: A systematic literature review

“…A 2019 study in Indonesian elementary schools found that learning nationalism was effective with the learning media "Wayang Pahlawan" and documentary films that successfully increased students' nationalism. However, the documentary film in this research was most effective in fostering nationalism than the "Wayang Pahlawan" learning media [75]. Moderate Islamic education is the implementation of the concept of nationalism in education.…”

“…No Methodology Country RQ Qualitative and quantitative method [59] Netherlands RQ 1 Analysis Study [60] China RQ 2 Qualitative [61] Belgium RQ 2 A systematic procedure for reviewing or evaluating documents [62] Vietnam RQ 3 Qualitative descriptive [63] Indonesia RQ 3 Qualitative descriptive [64] United States RQ 1 Qualitative descriptive [65] Sweden and USA RQ 3 Qualitative approach [66] Indonesia and Japan RQ 1 Quantitative and qualitative methods [67] Indonesia and Malaysia RQ 3 10 Qualitative approach [68] China RQ 1 11 Qualitative study [69] Indonesia RQ 3 12 Descriptive-analytic method [70] Indonesia RQ 1 13 Instruments development [71] Indonesia RQ 2 14 Mixed methods approach [72] Hong Kong RQ1 15 Qualitative study [73] Iceland and Finland RQ1 16 Research and Development [74] Indonesia RQ 3 17 Comparative (quasi-experimental approach) [75] Indonesia RQ 2 18 Qualitative method (content analysis) [76] Hong Kong RQ 2 19 Analyze the historical development [77] France RQ 2 20 Qualitative descriptive research [78] Indonesia RQ 1…”

“…As an educational institution, elementary school plays a role in transforming the nation's ideology. Elementary students must be instilled with the values of nationalism, national ideology, concepts of nationality, skills, and a sense of responsibility towards their country [24], [25]. Nationalism education in schools is carried out through learning in and outside the classroom, such as local cultural habituation, literacy, scouting, and others [26], [27].…”

Komparasi Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Wayang Pahlawan dan Cerita Pahlawan terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar

“…Ada juga penelitian dari Brits et al (2014) bahwa pertunjukkan wayang dalam menyajiikan pelajaran nanoteknologi pada anak usia dini. Sedangkan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan oleh Hidayat et al (2020) melakukan penelitian terkait komparasi media wayang pahlawan dan film dokumenter untuk penanaman karakter kebangsaan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media wayang pernah digunakan untuk mengenalkan jenis pekerjaan manusia, diterapkan dalam pembelajaran tematik terintegrasi, digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS serta untuk penanaman karakter.…”