Comparison between red wine and isolated trans-resveratrol on the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLr (−/−) mice

Abstract

Moderate consumption of red wine has been widely associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, mainly due to its composition in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity, such as resveratrol. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of red wine vs. trans-resveratrol consumption on the prevention and regression of atherosclerosis in LDLr mice. This study consisted of two protocols: "Prevention" (PREV) and "Regression" (REGR). Both protocols included four groups: red wine (WINE), dealcoholized red wine (EXT), trans-resveratrol (RESV), and control (CONT). In PREV protocol, animals received a regular diet for 8 weeks and then switched to an atherogenic diet for the following 8 weeks, while the opposite was performed in REGR. Animals that received atherogenic diet after an initial period of standard diet (PREV) gained more body weight (39.25±2.30%) than the opposite (29.27±1.91%, P=.0013), suggesting an interaction between age and weight gain. Trans-resveratrol showed the highest hypocholesterolemic effect during PREV, reducing total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and HDL-C. Supplementation with trans-resveratrol and dealcoholized red wine changed the fatty acids profile in the liver in both protocols, leading to an increase of MDA concentrations and SOD activity in the PREV protocol. In conclusion, supplementation with trans-resveratrol, red wine and the same wine without alcohol altered biomarkers of oxidative stress and lipidemia but had no effect on the prevention or regression of fatty streaks. These data suggest that cardiovascular protection associated with the "French Paradox" may be a result of synergistic effects between wine and the Mediterranean diet.

Resveratrol blocks atherosclerosis development by inhibiting IL-1β in macrophages induced by cholesterol

“…According to recent studies, resveratrol mainly improves three important characteristics of macrophages that are related to atherosclerosis, including the ability to efflux cholesterol, formation of foam cells and release of proinflammatory mediators [31,35,41,42,[44][45][46]. Our results suggest that resveratrol inhibits monocyte recruitment at least in part by inhibition of IL-1β release in macrophages, with the lower IL-1β release likely the result of enhanced RCT.…”

Anti-Aging Effects of Calorie Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Based on the Senoinflammation Concept

“…Previous studies have indicated the beneficial effects of sirtuins as the best small molecule that activate sirtuins, which extended lifespan in a yeast model [104][105][106][107][108][109]. Although only the longevity extension effect of resveratrol has been reported in C. elegans and D. melanogaster, many subsequent studies reported that resveratrol intake promotes health and plays a preventive role in age-related diseases, such as cancer [110][111][112][113], atherosclerosis [114,115], arthritis [116,117], cataract [118][119][120], cardiovascular disease [121], hypertension [122,123], type 2 diabetes [124][125][126][127], osteoporosis [128][129][130], and Alzheimer disease [131][132][133]. In clinical studies, resveratrol intake improved the memory capacity of elderly individuals and reduced blood lipid levels in obese and type 2 diabetic patients [134,135].…”

Ameliorative effects of the traditional Chinese medicine formula Qing-Mai-Yin on arteriosclerosis obliterans in a rabbit model

“… 2017 ; Chassot et al. 2018 ). Interestingly, previous research have revealed that rutin possess good hypocholesterolemia and antioxidant effects, and can be found in various herbal medicines with hypocholesterolemia and antioxidant properties (da Silva et al.…”