Comparison of soil properties in urban and non‐urban grasslands in Budapest area

Abstract

Characteristics of urban soils usually differ from non-urban ones, since they are more strongly influenced directly (e.g., excavation, mixing, incorporation of man-made materials) or indirectly (e.g., atmospheric depositions, urban heat island effect) by human activities (Lehman & Stahr, 2007;Norra & Stuben, 2003). For example, anthropogenic activities can contribute to higher bulk density, pH and carbonate content of soils (

The impact of anthropogenic transformation of urban soils on ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) growth in natural versus urban soils

“…Next, the observed pH and the HM content of the examined soil samples were compared with the pre-industrial background 46 , a control area of the silver birch growth in Kórnik, Poland 47 , urban soil in a small Polish city Grajewo characterized by high traffic 48 , Budapest, Hungary 3 and a highly polluted by HM silver birch growth area in Bukowna, an industrial part of Silesia, Poland 47 , see Tables 2 and 4 . As can be seen, only in the forest cluster 1 the mean pH was comparable with the control silver birch site, where it was 3.9.…”

“…In contrast to non-urban soils, urban soils have a significantly higher pH, which results mainly from the high concentration of artificial materials, especially construction waste which is often very alkaline due to its large limestone content 1 – 3 . Moreover, the urban soils in northern countries have a higher salt content 3 which results from the use of the de-icing salts during the cold winters 4 , 5 . Finally, the urban soils have higher concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu 3 , 6 – 8 .…”

“…Moreover, the urban soils in northern countries have a higher salt content 3 which results from the use of the de-icing salts during the cold winters 4 , 5 . Finally, the urban soils have higher concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu 3 , 6 – 8 . The sources of high pollutants accumulation are also anthropogenic: road traffic with petrol combustion, industrial emissions, weathering of building and pavement surface but also residential, commercial, recreational, and even agricultural land use 6 , 9 , 10 .…”

Bioindication of megalopolis park ecosystems under aerotechnogenic loading

“…The relationship between the impact of distance to the highway, damage to the leaves of woody plants and the degree of defoliation of crowns (Miroshnyk 2018;Rybakova and Glazunov 2020;Vieira et al 2018;Vacek et al 2020) have been established too. An increase in the impact of motor transport with the approach from rural areas to large cities has been identified (Monok et al 2020;Ferreira et al 2016). Impact of soil pollution by heavy metals on vegetation in parks have been associate with the number of cars on the roads (Kijewska et al 2016;Khan et al 2016;Ali et al 2017;Gąsiorek et al 2017;Mazura et al 2020).…”

Gradient of anthropogenic load on park ecosystems of megalopolis

“…У містах проживає більша частина населення промислово розвинених країн, і водночас в цих же зонах сконцентрована основна частина виробництв із великими обсягами викидів токсичних відходів, небезпечних для населення і живої природи. Тому дослідження реакцій зеленої інфраструктури на градієнт урбанізації є важливими [5,6]. Сьогодні через збільшення кількості автомобільних доріг та транспортних засобів, швидкої урбанізації забруднення довкілля фітотоксикантами стає важливою проблемою [6,7].…”