Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran coasts of Iran

Hejazizadeh, Zahra; Karbalaee, Alireza; Hosseini, Seyed Asaad; Tabatabaei, Seyed Ali

doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4997-5

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An important advantage of the HCI is that its variable rating scales and the component weighting system draw upon the extensive literature analyzing tourists' stated climatic preferences over the last decade (Scott et al, 2016). Even though this index more complex compare to TCI and THI, Hejazizadeh et al (2019) stated that this index is empirically confirmed by the characteristics of the tourist market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The climate comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia

Hasanah

Maryetnowati

Edelweis

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Included on the World Heritage List in 1991, the Borobudur Temple Compounds have been attracting vast numbers of tourists. To increase the number of incoming tourists even further, tourism climate comfort is one of the key elements that must be considered, as it can affect tourist visiting patterns, as well as tourists' preferences. This study analyzes the level of tourism climate comfort using three different methods, i.e., Tourism Climate Index (TCI), Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and Holiday Climate Index (HCI). It further assesses their sensitivities to observe tourist visitation in Borobudur Temple. The climate data for the timeframe 2010-2019 is obtained from the Automatic Weather Station (AWS) Borobudur. Based on the TCI, we notice that the comfortable months were June to August. By comparison, the THI results showed that the comfortable period began in July and ended in August. Meanwhile, the HCI results showed that the comfortable months were July to October. All monthly indexes obtained by means of the three methods are then evaluated in view of the monthly visitation data. This optimized HCI index demonstrates a high correlation with tourist visitation at Borobudur Temple, especially foreign tourist that more sensitive to the climate. Hence, relative humidity and rainfall have high correlation with the HCI climatic comfort level at Borobudur Temple. This study improves our understanding of the climatic index correlation with the number of visitors at Borobudur Temple and can help advertisers and local authorities make pre-trip climate comfort information and more informed decisions in terms of tourism policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The climate comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia

Hasanah

Maryetnowati

Edelweis

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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“…Salata et al [24] examined the climatic conditions and outdoor thermal comfort through the Mediterranean Outdoor Comfort Index for local tourism and through the predicted mean vote for international tourism and reported a map of the entire Italian territory reporting the seasonal average values of these indexes. Climatic conditions of a vast area in Iran have been evaluated and compared by using synoptic climatic indices and the tourism climate index (TCI) together with the holiday climate index (HCI) in different months [25]. Similar thermal comfort assessments have been studied in Hungary [26], Algeria [27], Croatia [28], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-Temporal Pattern Changes of UTCI in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Recent 40 Years

Zeng

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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This paper investigated the spatial and temporal variations of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) from 1979 to 2018. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis-Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is selected for UTCI calculation in the region and analyzed by a linear trend and correlation analysis. The results showed that (1) the UTCI of CPEC is decreased with the increase of latitude and altitude. There is obvious spatial heterogeneity in the seasonal scale and the spatial distribution of different thermal stress categories. (2) UTCI generally exhibited a positive trend of 0.33 °C/10a over the past 40 years, and the seasonal variation characteristics of UTCI show an upward trend in all four seasons, of which spring is the fastest. On the space scale, the growth trend has significant spatial variations. (3) Temperature has a positive correlation with UTCI. The influence of temperature on UTCI is greater than that of wind speed. The results of this study will be helpful for regional planning and also contribute to comprehending the characteristics of the thermal environment in CPEC.

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“…HCI consists in the conceptual design recommended by de Freitas et al [13,14] and applies a higher temporal scale of the climate (i.e., daily average). Further, HCI has been widely applied to assess the tourism climate suitability, in Iran [27,28], Indonesia [29], Caribbean destinations [30], and Europe [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate

Guo

2020

Advances in Meteorology

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The evaluation of climate comfort for tourism can provide information for tourists selecting destinations and tourism operators. Understanding how climate conditions for tourism evolve is increasingly important for strategic tourism planning, particularly in rapidly developing tourism markets like China in a changing climate. Multidimensional climate indices are needed to evaluate climate for tourism, and previous studies in China have used the much criticized “climate index” with low resolution climate data. This study uses the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) and daily data from 775 weather stations to examine interregional differences in the tourist climate comfortable period (TCCP) across China and summarizes the spatiotemporal evolution of TCCP from 1981 to 2010 in a changing climate. Overall, most areas in China have an “excellent” climate for tourism, such that tourists may visit anytime with many choices available. The TCCP in most regions shows an increasing trend, and China benefits more from positive effects of climate change in climatic conditions for tourism, especially in spring and autumn. These results can provide some scientific evidence for understanding human settlement environmental constructions and further contribute in improving local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.

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Comparison of the holiday climate index (HCI) and the tourism climate index (TCI) in desert regions and Makran coasts of Iran

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

The climate comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia

The climate comfort assessment for tourism purposes in Borobudur Temple Indonesia

Spatial-Temporal Pattern Changes of UTCI in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor in Recent 40 Years

Evaluating the Tourist Climate Comfortable Period of China in a Changing Climate

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