Comparison of the Use of Energy Storages and Energy Curtailment as an Addition to the Allocation of Renewable Energy in the Distribution System in Order to Minimize Development Costs

Abstract

This paper presents a comparison of the efficiency of energy storage and energy curtailment as an addition to the allocation of renewable energy in the distribution system in order to minimize development costs using a Mixed Integer-Linear Programming (MILP). Energy sources and energy storages are selected, sized and allocated under operational circumstances such as grid congestions and weather conditions. Loads and power units are modeled by daily consumption and generation profiles respectively, to reflect the intermittent character of renewable generation and consumption of energy. The optimization is carried out for a one-year time horizon using twenty-four representative days. The method is verified on three main simulation scenarios and three sub-scenarios for each of them, allowing for the comparison of the efficiency of each used tool. The main scenarios differ in their share of energy from renewable energy sources (RES) in total consumption. In the sub-scenarios, different tools (RES sizing and allocation, energy storages (ES) sizing and allocation and energy curtailment) are used. The results of this research confirm that energy curtailment is a more efficient additional tool for RES sizing and allocation than energy storages. This method can find practical application for Distribution System Operators in elaborating grid development strategies.

RES and ES Integration in Combination with Distribution Grid Development Using MILP

“…Rest functions were designed for power flow in ranges: f 2: 20-100%, f 3: 40-100%, f 4: 60-100%, and f 5: 80-100% of line capacity. Final power losses were created as a sum of all mentioned linear functions [16]. Equations that describe f 1, f 2, f 3, f 4, f 5 are presented in Appendix A.…”

“…Two mentioned papers differ in the objective function (minimization of power losses [11] and minimization of costs [12]) and used method (ABC algorithm [11] and PSO [12]). Another approach was presented in [13][14][15][16], where ES and RES are allocated in parallel. In each of the papers, a different method was used: GA [13], LP [14], TLBO [15], and MILP [16].…”

“…Another approach was presented in [13][14][15][16], where ES and RES are allocated in parallel. In each of the papers, a different method was used: GA [13], LP [14], TLBO [15], and MILP [16]. In both papers [14,16], simulations were carried out for one year with one hourly step.…”

“…In each of the papers, a different method was used: GA [13], LP [14], TLBO [15], and MILP [16]. In both papers [14,16], simulations were carried out for one year with one hourly step. Another solution presented in the literature is to use hydrogen storage technology [17].…”

Multi-Year High-Voltage Power System Planning Considering Active Power Curtailment

“…Several curtailment concepts are currently investigated based on power flow analysis [17] or optimal power flow studies [18,19]. The author of [20] presents a time-series-based method to minimize development costs and shows optimization results for a one-year time horizon using twenty-four representative days. Time-series-based planning methods allow the integration of the time dependency of RES and loads in power system planning, leading to substantial cost savings in comparison to the worst-case method [21].…”