Condensation coefficients of noble metals on polymers: a novel method of determination by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

AFM and XRD characterization of silver nanoparticles films deposited on the surface of DGEBA epoxy resin by ion sputtering

“…The thin film formed from metallization plays a vital role in integrated devices and circuits since the deposited films must have good adhesion, low resistivity and provide good coverage. The improvement of these characteristics has stimulated intensive research by the scientific community for decades [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . In the area of microelectronics, for example, especially regarding the processing of electronic components, there is a need to expose them to relatively high temperatures [1,2,5] .…”

“…The image of a profile (Figure 3b) was traced in the topography, which shows a small variation (of the order of 1 nm) in the surface topography of the DGEBA epoxy resin. Figure 4 shows the formation of layers of three-dimensional spherical clusters, after metallization, corresponding to silver nanoparticles in the sense of their plasmonic behavior; this result is consistent with the literature for other polymers [2][3][4][5]8,13,14,23] . The images show little definition of cluster size for layers less than 5 nm, possibly due to the mobility of silver atoms on the surface of the polymer.…”

“…The study of the metallization of polymers is considered to be of the utmost importance from the point of view of fundamental science as well as from a technological standpoint since this process has been widely used in a range of products: reflectors for car headlights, CDs (storage data), protective packaging for electrical components, coating for food packaging and especially in microelectronics [1][2][3][4][5][6] . The thin film formed from metallization plays a vital role in integrated devices and circuits since the deposited films must have good adhesion, low resistivity and provide good coverage.…”

“…In this respect, many efforts have been made by researchers aiming to control the microstructure and thermal stability in the interface between metal and polymer. Such studies aim to improve adhesion of the metal in the polymer and prevent its degradation [2][3][4][5][6] . Besides the use of metals in the form of thin films, the use of silver has also been introduced in various materials acting as a biocide agent, such as appliances with silver films, tissues, bandages soaked in silver for burns etc [9][10][11] .…”

Effect of gold alloying on stability of silver nanoparticles and control of silver ion release from vapor-deposited Ag–Au/polytetrafluoroethylene nanocomposites

“…XPS was used to determine elemental composition of alloy systems taking into account that the information depth is approximately 21 (2-3 nm) where λ is the elastic mean free path. More details about using XPS for the study of metal/polymer covering were discussed by Zaporojtchenko et al [21].…”