Conformal Capsule Antenna With Reconfigurable Radiation Pattern for Robust Communications

Bao, Zengdi; Guo, Yong‐Xin; Mittra, R.

doi:10.1109/tap.2018.2829828

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[9]- [17]. Robustness to heterogeneous and uncertain electromagnetic (EM) properties of tissues was considered in [18]- [21], and a reconfigurable capsule-conformal antenna without nulls in its radiation pattern was proposed in [22]. Effects of dielectric loading on radiation performance were studied in [23]- [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric-Loaded Conformal Microstrip Antennas for Versatile In-Body Applications

Nikolayev

Joseph

Skrivervik

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Wireless implantable bioelectronics and accurate in vivo characterization of path loss require efficient and robust in-body antennas. Loading electric antennas with the effective permittivities higher than that of surrounding tissues is a promising solution. In this study, proof-of-concept conformal microstrip antennas are proposed. The antennas are optimized for a standard impedance of 50 Ω and operate in all high-watercontents tissues. Integral ground plane shields the antenna from inner circuitry. The radiation efficiencies are 0.4%, 2.2%, and 1.2% for the (434, 868, and 1400)-MHz designs, respectively, when computed in a 100-mm spherical phantom with muscleequivalent properties. The efficiencies are compared to the fundamental limitations and closely approaches them. Specific absorption rates are evaluated, and the corresponding maximum input power levels are established. Prototypes are fabricated and characterized to validate the design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric-Loaded Conformal Microstrip Antennas for Versatile In-Body Applications

Nikolayev

Joseph

Skrivervik

et al. 2019

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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“…One major drawback of this setup is the relative small distance between the antenna and the lossy organs or other tissue, leading to a relative smaller gain for these antennas. As observed in Table 2, gain performance for these antennas is typically around −30 dBi in a 100 mm 3 muscle phantom [18] and around −23 dBi in a 70 mm 3 muscle phantom [19], [20].…”

Section: Antenna Gainmentioning

confidence: 76%

Antenna-in-Package Design and Robust Test for the Link Between Wireless Ingestible Capsule and Smart Phone

et al. 2019

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An antenna-in-package is proposed for a wireless ingestible capsule operated at ISM (2.4-2.48 GHz) band and also experimentally tested in a system level. The proposed antenna is designed for data transmission between the ingestible capsule and a smart phone using Bluetooth. A modified planar inverted-F structure is proposed for the antenna design, whose end section is bent to be vertical with respect to the substrate, mainly for the considerations of frequency tuning, size reduction, and polarization diversity. First, a one-layer cube muscle phantom model is used for initial design and optimization. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method, with considerations of the polarization mismatch loss, is proposed to analyze the radiation performance using a CST human body model. The evaluated results indicate that the proposed design can ensure enough margins for the link budget despite the relative position between the capsule and the smart phone. In addition to the advantages stated above, the proposed antenna is not sensitive to different digestive organs. Reflection measurement is presented using a muscle-mimicking phantom. Radiation characteristics are presented using a simple human torso model filled with pork by measuring the received power in a system. Successful data transmission, between a transmitter using the proposed antenna and a receiver using a smart phone, is performed in a temperature monitoring system. INDEX TERMS Antenna-in-package, ingestible capsule, frequency tuning, polarization diversity.

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“…The antenna employed in WCE is responsible for the radiation and reception of the electromagnetic (EM) waves, thereby enabling establishment of a communication link between the external equipment and the capsule. The establishment of a robust wireless link between an endoscopic antenna and an external station is challenging owing to various factors [2]. Recent studies on capsule/endoscopic antennas have shown that conformal [3] and embedded structures [4] are the preferred types of antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compacted Conformal Implantable Antenna With Multitasking Capabilities for Ingestible Capsule Endoscope

et al. 2020

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This study presents a multi-band conformal antenna based endoscopic system for robust biotelemetry communications, which covers five important bands, including the MedRadio (401-406 MHz), Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (433.1-434.8 MHz, 868-868.6 MHz, 902-928 MHz), and midfield (1200 MHz) bands. These bands are intended for functions such as biotelemetry, power saving, and wireless power transfer (WPT). The proposed antenna is printed on a flexible material Rogers ULTRALAM with a thickness of only 0.1 mm, which can be easily wrapped around the inner wall of a capsule. Owing to the insertion of the via and open-ended meandered slots in the radiator and in the ground plane, the footprints of the suggested antenna reduce considerably. In the flat form, the antenna is 57 mm 3 in volume, whereas in the wrapped form, it is only 48.98 mm 3 in volume. In a homogeneous muscle phantom, the proposed conformal antenna shows a 27.46% wider bandwidth at 402 MHz,whereas it shows a 13.2% and 5.42% bandwidth at 915 MHz and 1200 MHz, respectively. Furthermore, the specific absorption rate investigation at three resonance frequencies in various implanted locations shows compliance with the IEEE guidelines, thereby guaranteeing human safety. For measurements, a 3D capsule with batteries and circuitry is devised using a 3D printer, and the simulation results are experimentally validated in a box containing minced pork. Finally, the robustness of the communication link is confirmed through the link budget analysis at 1 Mb/s. The conformal design concept, omni-directional radiations, and multi-band functionality with a wider bandwidth in the MedRadio band of the suggested antenna will enhance the diversity of the capsule endoscope and be a good addition to the field of biotelemetry. INDEX TERMS Biotelemetry, conformal antenna, link budget, multi-band, specific absorption rate.

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Conformal Capsule Antenna With Reconfigurable Radiation Pattern for Robust Communications

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Dielectric-Loaded Conformal Microstrip Antennas for Versatile In-Body Applications

Dielectric-Loaded Conformal Microstrip Antennas for Versatile In-Body Applications

Antenna-in-Package Design and Robust Test for the Link Between Wireless Ingestible Capsule and Smart Phone

Compacted Conformal Implantable Antenna With Multitasking Capabilities for Ingestible Capsule Endoscope

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