Consideration of coastal carbonate chemistry in understanding biological calcification

Fassbender, Andrea J.; Sabine, Christopher L.; Feifel, Kirsten M.

doi:10.1002/2016gl068860

Cited by 48 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(192 reference statements)

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“…Thus coastal communities may also possess a higher level of adaptation to variable carbonate chemistry compared to the open ocean communities of the temperate microcosms reported here (Fassbender et al 2016). …”

Section: Comparison To An Arctic Mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the case of coastal waters this is driven to a large extent by the influence of riverine 490 discharge and biological activity (Fassbender et al 2016). Thus coastal communities may also possess a higher level of adaptation to variable carbonate chemistry compared to the open ocean communities of the temperate microcosms reported here (Fassbender et al 2016).…”

Section: Comparison To An Arctic Mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Hopkins

Stephens

Moore

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the polar oceans play a key role in10 atmospheric processes and climate. Therefore, it is important we increase our understanding of how DMS production in these regions may respond to environmental change. The polar oceans are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). However, our understanding of the polar DMS response is limited to two studies conducted in Arctic waters, where in both cases DMS concentrations decreased with increasing acidity. Here, we report on our findings 15 from seven summertime shipboard microcosm experiments undertaken in a variety of locations in the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean. These experiments reveal no significant effects of short term OA on the net production of DMS by planktonic communities. This is in contrast to identical experiments from temperate NW European shelf waters where surface ocean communities responded to OA with significant increases in dissolved DMS 20 concentrations. A meta-analysis of the findings from both temperate and polar waters (n = 18 experiments) reveals clear regional differences in the DMS response to OA. We suggest that these regional differences in DMS response reflect the natural variability in carbonate chemistry to which the respective communities may already be adapted. Future temperate oceans could be more sensitive to OA resulting in a change in DMS emissions to the 25 atmosphere, whilst perhaps surprisingly DMS emissions from the polar oceans may remain

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Section: Comparison To An Arctic Mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Comparison To An Arctic Mesocosm Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Hopkins

Stephens

Moore

et al. 2018

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Direct suppression of biogenic CaCO 3 production under seawater acidification is absent from many models or otherwise often highly parameterized and probably overly deterministic. There are ongoing debates about what actually drives calcification, which consequently should represent a priority for both experimental and modeling work (see Fassbender et al, , and references therein). According to results presented here, an accurate representation of the biogenic CaCO 3 export and rain rate in Earth System and climate models should be a priority for future model developments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced CaCO₃Flux to the Seafloor and Weaker Bottom Current Speeds Curtail Benthic CaCO₃Dissolution Over the 21st Century

Sulpis

Dufour

Trossman

et al. 2019

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Results from a range of Earth System and climate models of various resolution run under high‐CO2 emission scenarios challenge the paradigm that seafloor CaCO3 dissolution will grow in extent and intensify as ocean acidification develops over the next century. Under the “business as usual,” RCP8.5 scenario, CaCO3 dissolution increases in some areas of the deep ocean, such as the eastern central Pacific Ocean, but is projected to decrease in the Northern Pacific and abyssal Atlantic Ocean by the year 2100. The flux of CaCO3 to the seafloor and bottom‐current speeds, both of which are expected to decrease globally through the 21st century, govern changes in benthic CaCO3 dissolution rates over 53% and 31% of the dissolving seafloor, respectively. Below the calcite compensation depth, a reduced CaCO3 flux to the CaCO3‐free seabed modulates the amount of CaCO3 material dissolved at the sediment‐water interface. Slower bottom‐water circulation leads to thicker diffusive boundary layers above the sediment bed and a consequent stronger transport barrier to CaCO3 dissolution. While all investigated models predict a weakening of bottom current speeds over most of the seafloor by the end of the 21st century, strong discrepancies exist in the magnitude of the predicted speeds. Overall, the poor performance of most models in reproducing modern bottom‐water velocities and CaCO3 rain rates coupled with the existence of large disparities in predicted bottom‐water chemistry across models hampers our ability to robustly estimate the magnitude and temporal evolution of anthropogenic CaCO3 dissolution rates and the associated anthropogenic CO2 neutralization.

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“…A 1-D mass budget model was used to calculate the net change in pCO2,sw based on contributions from the processes controlling the variability of pCO2,sw at the surface (e.g., Gruber et al, 1998;Shadwick et al, 2011;Fassbender et al, 2016;Xue et al, 2016). The model is assumed to provide an integrated assessment of biogeochemical variability throughout the well mixed water column as the water mass flows in over the reef-shelf platform from the open ocean end member.…”

Section: Diagnostic Mass Budget Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Net Ecosystem Metabolism of the Near-Shore Reef System in La Parguera, Puerto Rico

Meléndez

Salisbury

Gledhill

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Changes in ocean chemistry as a direct response to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations is causing a reduction of pH in the surface ocean. While the dynamics and trends in carbonate chemistry are reasonably constrained for open ocean waters, the ways in which ocean acidification (OA) manifests within the shallow near-shore waters, where coral reefs reside, is less understood. Constraining near-reef variability in carbonate chemistry and net ecosystem metabolic processes across diel, seasonal, and annual scales is important in evaluating potential biogeochemical thresholds of OA that could result in ecological community changes. The OA Test-Bed at La Parguera Marine Reserve in Puerto Rico provides long-term carbonate chemistry observations at high-temporal resolution within a Caribbean near-shore coral reef ecosystem. A 1-D model was developed using the carbon mass balance approach to yield information about net ecosystem production and calcification processes occurring in the water column adjacent to the reef. We present results of nine years of sustained monitoring at the Enrique mid-shelf forereef, which provides for the characterization of temporal dynamics in carbonate chemistry and net ecosystem metabolic processes encompassing near-shore and upstream locations. Results indicate that net heterotrophy and net dissolution dominate over most of the year, while net autotrophic conditions coupled with calcification dominated from only January to mid-April. The average carbonate dissolution rate observed during summer is estimated at &minus;2.19&thinsp;g&thinsp;CaCO3&thinsp;m&minus;2&thinsp;day&minus;1 and net community dissolution persists 76&thinsp;% of the seasonal year despite the water column remaining super-saturated with respect to aragonite. This corresponds to &minus;0.62&thinsp;kg&thinsp;CaCO3&thinsp;m&minus;2&thinsp;year&minus;1, classifying the Enrique fore-reef and off-reef areas in a net dissolutional state. The combination of thermodynamically-driven depressed aragonite saturation state and high rates of respiration during the summer cause conditions that jeopardize the most soluble carbonate minerals and the free energy in the system for calcification. These data suggest that the reef area and associated ecosystems upstream of the sampling location are experiencing a net loss of CaCO3, possibly compromising coral ecosystem health and reef accretion processes necessary for maintenance as sea level increases. Resiliency from other climate-scale stressors including rising sea surface temperatures and coral bleaching is likely to be compromised in a system exhibiting net carbonate loss.

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Consideration of coastal carbonate chemistry in understanding biological calcification

Cited by 48 publications

References 81 publications

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Reduced CaCO₃Flux to the Seafloor and Weaker Bottom Current Speeds Curtail Benthic CaCO₃Dissolution Over the 21st Century

Seasonal Net Ecosystem Metabolism of the Near-Shore Reef System in La Parguera, Puerto Rico

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Consideration of coastal carbonate chemistry in understanding biological calcification

Cited by 48 publications

References 81 publications

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Reduced CaCO3Flux to the Seafloor and Weaker Bottom Current Speeds Curtail Benthic CaCO3Dissolution Over the 21st Century

Seasonal Net Ecosystem Metabolism of the Near-Shore Reef System in La Parguera, Puerto Rico

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Reduced CaCO₃Flux to the Seafloor and Weaker Bottom Current Speeds Curtail Benthic CaCO₃Dissolution Over the 21st Century