Construction of a vascularized bladder with autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells combined with bladder acellular matrix via tissue engineering

Abstract

The formation of an effective vascular network can promote peripheral angiogenesis, ensuring an effective supply of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to an engineered bladder, which is important for bladder tissue engineering. Stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs) promote vascularization and improve the function of injured tissues. In this study, adipose tissue-derived SVFs were introduced as an angiogenic cell source and seeded into the bladder acellular matrix (BAM) to generate a SVF-BAM complex for bladder reconstruction. The morphological regeneration and functional restoration of the engineered bladder were evaluated. In addition, we also explored the role of the Wnt5a/sFlt-1 noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway in regulating the angiogenesis of SVFs, and in maintaining the rational capability of SVFs to differentiate into vasculature in regenerated tissues. Histological assessment indicated that the SVF-BAM complex was more effective in promoting smooth muscle, vascular, and nerve regeneration than BAM alone and subsequently led to the restoration of bladder volume and bladder compliance. Moreover, exogenous Wnt5a was able to enhance angiogenesis by increasing the activity of MMP2, MMP9, and VEGFR2. Simultaneously, the expression of sFlt-1 was also increased, which enhanced the stability of the SVFs angiogenic capability. SVFs may be a potential cell source for tissue-engineered bladders. The Wnt5a/sFlt-1 pathway is involved in the regulation of autologous vascular formation by SVFs. The rational regulation of this pathway can promote neo-microvascularization in tissue-engineered bladders.

Engineering pericyte-supported microvascular capillaries in cell-laden hydrogels using stem cells from the bone marrow, dental pulp and dental apical papilla

“…Therefore, a critical hallmark of any engineered tissue is that, after implantation, it should be supplied with sufficient blood to avoid ischemia, hypoxia, and necrosis 1 . Vascular tissue engineering addresses these problems by facilitating the fabrication of engineered tissues with a functional vascular system that is able to replicate the circulatory and biological role of the host vasculature [2][3][4][5] . However, understanding and controlling the complex heterotypic interactions that are required to establish a functional vasculature in engineered tissues remains a challenge.…”

Biological characterization of adipose‐derived regenerative cells used for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence

“…SUI is caused by urethral sphincter dysfunction, and several non‐clinical studies have shown that autologous ADRC transplantation complements the function of smooth muscle, promotes revascularization and facilitates innervation 22,23 . We previously reported that cultured ASCs improved leak point pressure and increased the amount of SMCs in a rat model 11 .…”

Decellularized pulp matrix as scaffold for mesenchymal stem cell mediated bone regeneration

“…In the future study, this concept can be applied to induce bone regeneration by promoting angiogenesis using proangiogenic factors. 28 The downside of DPM as bone scaffold is the absence of initial mechanical strength to function as a nature bone. Unlike most bone scaffold that have high mechanical strengths to protect vital organ or to provide initial stability on the load bearing area, DPM has a mechanical strength that is similar to that of collagen sponge.…”

“…In the future study, this concept can be applied to induce bone regeneration by promoting angiogenesis using proangiogenic factors. 28 …”