Construction of three-dimensional biomolecule structures employing femtosecond lasers

Abstract

The authors demonstrate here a method for three-dimensional patterning of proteins and other biological molecules. The method employs femtosecond-laser-induced three-photon polymerization, a technique which enables the construction of arbitrary two-and three-dimensional structures of submicron resolution. Biotin is subsequently attached to the three-dimensional ͑3D͒ structures via UV-activated cross-linking. The integrity of the photolytically immobilized biotin is confirmed by detecting the binding of fluorescently labeled avidin via fluorescence microscopy and via a surface acoustic sensor technique. In all, the technique opens the way for the fabrication of structures with a wide range of biomaterials as well as studying their dynamics within complex 3D structures.

Fabrication of amyloid peptide micro‐arrays using laser‐induced forward transfer and avidin‐biotin mediated assembly

“…ORMOCER ® is an organically modified ceramic, on which photobiotin can be irreversibly attached when exposed to UV light from a laser or a lamp [19]. However the technique is not limited to ORMOCER ® ; photobiotin can be photolytically attached on a variety of organic and inorganic materials such as silicon, glass and PDMS [20][21][22]; this gives this methodology a large flexibility and applicability.…”

Self-standing aligned fiber scaffold fabrication by two photon photopolymerization

“…Compared with conventional stereo lithography, the two-photon polymerization process can be confined to cure the photocurable resins (PR) only near the laser focal volume (Doraiswamy et al 2006;Drakakis et al 2006;Kawata et al 2001), hence enabling fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional structures. The main objective of this work is to develop high resolution self-standing, position controllable fiber fabrication techniques and to demonstrate cell culture on the fibers.…”

Laser-based micro/nanoengineering for biological applications

“…The use of biotin to create patterned surfaces is a very attractive technique as it offers the exploitation of the strong non-covalent biological interaction between biotin and the glycoprotein avidin, which in its turn enables the immobilization of an enormous number of organic and inorganic materials. Photochemical activation of light sensitive molecules is in general very versatile method and several different materials have been used to create patterned surfaces [51]. The immobilized biomolecules were used for further immobilization of active complementary avidin-biotin in a lock-key reaction.…”