Contamination and Daily Intake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Iranian Bread Samples

Kamalabadi, Mahdie; Kamankesh, Marzieh; Mohammadi, Abdorreza; Hadian, Zahra; Ferdowsi, R

doi:10.1080/10406638.2018.1534747

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Kamalabadi et al found that the total mean level 16 PAHs and 4 indicator PAHs (BaP, BaA, BbF, and chry) in bread samples were 84.17 and 0.93 µg/ kg, respectively, which was higher than our study (Kamalabadi et al 2019).…”

Section: The Concentrations Of Pahs In Cerealscontrasting

confidence: 85%

The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cereal Products: with the Chemometric Approch

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The analysis and probabilistic health risk assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cereal products were done by using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS). The level of sum sixteen PAHs in cereal products ranged from 98.2 (in Barbari bread) to 248.3 µg/kg (in rice cooked). Further, the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs with cereal products samples evaluated with multivariate principal component analysis and heat map visualization. Estimation of incremental lifetime cancer risk in cereals ranged from 7.80E-6 to 2.35E-7. In conclusion, the PAHs content in the tested products were in low health risk ranges (1 × 10 − 6 < ILCR < 1 × 10 − 4), and all of the cereal products sold in Tehran are considered safe for consumers. Therefore, cereal products should be regularly evaluated and monitored by regulatory agencies to reduce contaminants in these high-consumption products.

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Section: The Concentrations Of Pahs In Cerealscontrasting

confidence: 85%

The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cereal Products: with the Chemometric Approch

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…B[ a ]P commonly occurs in many food products [ 60 ], such as olive oil (2.19 ± 0.2 ppb), Alwana olive oil (31.3 ± 0.3 ppb) [ 61 ], milk (0.06–2.09 μg/kg), and meat/fish-based baby foods (0.00–1.66 μg/kg) [ 62 ]. B[ a ]P has also been determined in traditionally smoked goat cheeses, such as Wallahian-style cheese (0.85 ± 0.255 μg/kg) or smoked “Ritta” (17.0 ± 5.10 μg/kg) [ 63 ], charcoal-grilled chicken with and without marinating at 270 °C (1.19 ± 0.31 μg/kg; 2.22 ± 0.13 μg/kg) [ 64 ], oysters (1.26 ± 1.22 μg/kg), mussels (0.24 ± 0.18 μg/kg), fresh shellfish (0.31 ± 0.42 μg/kg) [ 65 ], Iranian bread samples (mean 0.1 μg/kg) [ 66 ], and cucumbers (4.35 ng/kg) [ 30 ], but not in chocolate [ 67 ].…”

Section: Sources Of Human Exposure To B[ a ]Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Bukowska

Mokra

Michałowicz

2022

IJMS

184

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Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and has been repeatedly found in the air, surface water, soil, and sediments. It is present in cigarette smoke as well as in food products, especially when smoked and grilled. Human exposure to B[a]P is therefore common. Research shows growing evidence concerning toxic effects induced by this substance. This xenobiotic is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP P450) to carcinogenic metabolite: 7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), which creates DNA adducts, causing mutations and malignant transformations. Moreover, B[a]P is epigenotoxic, neurotoxic, and teratogenic, and exhibits pro-oxidative potential and causes impairment of animals’ fertility. CYP P450 is strongly involved in B[a]P metabolism, and it is simultaneously expressed as a result of the association of B[a]P with aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), playing an essential role in the cancerogenic potential of various xenobiotics. In turn, polymorphism of CYP P450 genes determines the sensitivity of the organism to B[a]P. It was also observed that B[a]P facilitates the multiplication of viruses, which may be an additional problem with the widespread COVID-19 pandemic. Based on publications mainly from 2017 to 2022, this paper presents the occurrence of B[a]P in various environmental compartments and human surroundings, shows the exposure of humans to this substance, and describes the mechanisms of its toxicity.

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“…For Ni, the characteristic peaks observed at around 44°, 52°, and 76° are ascribed to the (111), (200), and (220) atomic structures of Ni, respectively [ 39 ]. For GO, the diffraction peaks at around 2θ = 11.8° and 43° have corresponded to the (001) and (100) crystallographic planes of GO [ 34 ]. The interlayer spacing of GO sheets was about 0.78 nm, which has been created by the oxygen-containing groups and trapped water molecules [ 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a new coating of graphene oxide/nickel complex on a nickelized metal surface for direct immersion solid phase microextraction of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Pasandideh

Razmi

2021

BMC Chemistry

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Background Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile sampling and sample preparation technology that possess a significant application in the extraction and pre-concentration of a broad range of micro-pollutants from different kind of matrices. Selection and preparation of an appropriate fiber substrate and coating materials have always been the main challenges of the SPME procedure. This paper introduces a high-efficiency metal-based SPME fiber with a new chemical coating of nickel/graphene oxide/nickel tetraazamacrocyclic complex (Ni/GO/NiTAM). Result The Ni/GO/NiTAM sorbent was electroless deposited onto the surface of an aluchrom (Alu) wire, and then the prepared fiber was employed for the extraction and pre-concentration of some PAHs before their HPLC–UV analysis. The prepared fiber characterization data were assessed using FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, and BET techniques. The method validation parameters, including the linearity range (LRs: 0.10 to 200.0 µg L−1), the limit of detection (LODs: 0.03‒0.30 µg L−1), and the limit of quantification (LOQs: 0.10–1.00 µg L−1), under optimal conditions. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day, inter-day, and single fiber repeatability (for the samples spiked at 25 µg L‒1) were in the range of 0.32–2.94, 1.20–4.09, and 1.42‒4.39%, respectively. In addition, the technique recoveries (RR %) and enrichment factors (EF) were in the range of 83.10‒107.80% and 83–164, respectively. Conclusion The fiber fabrication was simple, and the applied materials were also economical and easily accessible. Alu metal has high physicochemical and mechanical stability and thus can be a good alternative for the substrate of the fragile commercial SPME fibers. High rigidity and durability, long service life, and high extraction capability are some of the other advantages of the offered fiber.

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Contamination and Daily Intake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Iranian Bread Samples

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cereal Products: with the Chemometric Approch

The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cereal Products: with the Chemometric Approch

Benzo[a]pyrene—Environmental Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Mechanisms of Toxicity

Preparation of a new coating of graphene oxide/nickel complex on a nickelized metal surface for direct immersion solid phase microextraction of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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